Ch 14

Question 1

Know-Nothing Party

Answer 1

a political organization founded in 1849 by nativists who supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and to hold office

Question 2

middle class

Answer 2

the social and economic level between the wealthy and the poor

Question 3

nativists

Answer 3

U.S. citizens who opposed immigration because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them

Question 4

tenements

Answer 4

poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived

Question 5

Henry David Thoreau

Answer 5

American writer and transcendentalist philosopher, he studied nature and published a magazine article, “Civil Disobedience” as well as his famous book, Walden Pond

Question 6

Margaret Fuller

Answer 6

A journalist, critic, and women’s rights activist, she wasamember of the Transcendentalist group of Authors.

Question 7

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Answer 7

American essayist and poet, he was a suporrter of the transcendentalist philosophy of self-reliance

Question 8

transcendentalism

Answer 8

the idea that people could rise above the material things in life; a popular movement among New England writers and thinkers in the mid-1800s

Question 9

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Answer 9

American writer, he is famous for his many stories and books, including The Scarlet Letter, and he is recognized as one of the first authors to write in a uniquely American style.

Question 10

utopian communities

Answer 10

places where people worked to establish a perfect society; such communities were popular in the United States during the late 1700s and early to mid-1800s

Question 11

Edgar Allen Poe

Answer 11

American writer, he is famed for his haunting poem “The Raven” as well as many other chilling or romantic stories and poems. He is credited with creating the first detective story, “The Gold Bug”

Question 12

Emily Dickinson

Answer 12

American poet, she lived a reclusive life, and her poems were not widely acclaimed until after her death

Question 13

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Answer 13

American poet known for his story-poems, such as Paul Revere’s Ride in Tales of a Wayside Inn and The Song of Hiawatha

Question 14

Walt Whitman

Answer 14

American poet, he gained recognition abroad and later at home for unrhymed works of poetry praising the United States, Americans, democracy, and individualism.

Question 15

Charles Grandison Finney

Answer 15

American clergyman and educator, he became influential in the Second Great Awakening after a dramatic religious experience and conversion. He led long revivals that annoyed conventional ministers

Question 16

Lyman Beecher

Answer 16

.American clergyman, he disapproved of thestyle of preachingof the Great Awakening ministers. He served as president of the Lane Theological Seminary and supported female higher education

Question 17

Second Great Awakening

Answer 17

a period of religious evangelism that began in the 1790s and became widespread in the United States by the 1830s

Question 18

temperance movement

Answer 18

a social reform effort begun in the mid-1800s to encourage people to drink less alcohol

Question 19

Dorothea Dix

Answer 19

American philanthropist and social reformer, she helped change the prison system nationwide by advocating the development of state hospitals for treatment of the mentally ill instead of imprisonment

Question 20

Horace Mann

Answer 20

American educator, he is considered the father of American public education. He was a leader of the common-school movement, advocating education for all children

Question 21

common-school movement

Answer 21

a social reform effort that began in the mid-1800s and promoted the idea of having all children educated in a common place regardless of social class or background

Question 22

Catharine Beecher

Answer 22

American educator and the daughter of Lyman Beecher, she promoted education for women in such writings as An Essay on the Education of Female Teachers. She founded the first all-female academy.

Question 23

Thomas Gallaudet

Answer 23

American educator, he studied techniques for instructing hearing impaired people and established the first American school for the hearing impaired

Question 24

abolition

Answer 24

an end to slavery

Question 25

Angelina and Sarah Grimke

Answer 25

American sisters and reformers, they were the daughters of a slaveholding family from South Carolina who became antislavery supporters and lectureres for the American Antislavery Society. They also took up the women’s rights campaign

Question 26

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 26

American journalist and reformer; he published the famous antislavery newspaper, the Liberator, and helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society, promoting immediate emancipation and racial equality.

Question 27

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 27

an organization started by William Lloyd Garrison whose members wanted immediate emancipation and racial equality for African Americans

Question 28

Frederick Douglass

Answer 28

American abolitiionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star

Question 29

Sojourner Truth

Answer 29

American evangelist and reformer, she was born an esnalved Arican but was later freed and became a speaker for abolition and women’s suffrage

Question 30

Underground Railroad

Answer 30

a network of people who helped thousands of enslaved people escape to the North by providing transportation and hiding places

Question 31

Harriet Tubman

Answer 31

American abolitionist who escaped slavery and assisted other enslaved Africans to escape; she is the most famous Underground Railroad conductor and is know as the Moses of her people

Question 32

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 32

American woman suffrage leader, she organized the Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott. The convention was the first organized meeting fo women’s rights in the United States, which launched the suffrage movement

Question 33

Lucretia Mott

Answer 33

American reformer, she planned the Seneca Falls Convention with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the first organized meeting for women’s rights in the United States

Question 34

Declaration of Sentiments

Answer 34

a statement written and signed by women’s rights supporters at the Seneca Falls Convention; detailed their beliefs about social injustice against woment

Question 35

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 35

the first national women’s rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Question 36

Lucy Stone

Answer 36

American woman suffragist, she was a well-known and accomplished antislaery speaker who supported the women’s rights movement

Question 37

Susan B Anthony

Answer 37

American social reformer, she was active in the temperance, abolitionist, and women’s suffrage movements and was co-organizer and president of the National Woman Suffrage Association