Ch 14 Flashcards
Know-Nothing Party
a political organization founded in 1849 by nativists who supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and to hold office
middle class
the social and economic level between the wealthy and the poor
nativists
U.S. citizens who opposed immigration because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them
tenements
poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived
Henry David Thoreau
American writer and transcendentalist philosopher, he studied nature and published a magazine article, “Civil Disobedience” as well as his famous book, Walden Pond
Margaret Fuller
A journalist, critic, and women’s rights activist, she wasamember of the Transcendentalist group of Authors.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
American essayist and poet, he was a suporrter of the transcendentalist philosophy of self-reliance
transcendentalism
the idea that people could rise above the material things in life; a popular movement among New England writers and thinkers in the mid-1800s
Nathaniel Hawthorne
American writer, he is famous for his many stories and books, including The Scarlet Letter, and he is recognized as one of the first authors to write in a uniquely American style.
utopian communities
places where people worked to establish a perfect society; such communities were popular in the United States during the late 1700s and early to mid-1800s
Edgar Allen Poe
American writer, he is famed for his haunting poem “The Raven” as well as many other chilling or romantic stories and poems. He is credited with creating the first detective story, “The Gold Bug”
Emily Dickinson
American poet, she lived a reclusive life, and her poems were not widely acclaimed until after her death
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
American poet known for his story-poems, such as Paul Revere’s Ride in Tales of a Wayside Inn and The Song of Hiawatha
Walt Whitman
American poet, he gained recognition abroad and later at home for unrhymed works of poetry praising the United States, Americans, democracy, and individualism.
Charles Grandison Finney
American clergyman and educator, he became influential in the Second Great Awakening after a dramatic religious experience and conversion. He led long revivals that annoyed conventional ministers
Lyman Beecher
.American clergyman, he disapproved of thestyle of preachingof the Great Awakening ministers. He served as president of the Lane Theological Seminary and supported female higher education
Second Great Awakening
a period of religious evangelism that began in the 1790s and became widespread in the United States by the 1830s
temperance movement
a social reform effort begun in the mid-1800s to encourage people to drink less alcohol
Dorothea Dix
American philanthropist and social reformer, she helped change the prison system nationwide by advocating the development of state hospitals for treatment of the mentally ill instead of imprisonment
Horace Mann
American educator, he is considered the father of American public education. He was a leader of the common-school movement, advocating education for all children
common-school movement
a social reform effort that began in the mid-1800s and promoted the idea of having all children educated in a common place regardless of social class or background
Catharine Beecher
American educator and the daughter of Lyman Beecher, she promoted education for women in such writings as An Essay on the Education of Female Teachers. She founded the first all-female academy.
Thomas Gallaudet
American educator, he studied techniques for instructing hearing impaired people and established the first American school for the hearing impaired
abolition
an end to slavery
Angelina and Sarah Grimke
American sisters and reformers, they were the daughters of a slaveholding family from South Carolina who became antislavery supporters and lectureres for the American Antislavery Society. They also took up the women’s rights campaign
William Lloyd Garrison
American journalist and reformer; he published the famous antislavery newspaper, the Liberator, and helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society, promoting immediate emancipation and racial equality.
American Anti-Slavery Society
an organization started by William Lloyd Garrison whose members wanted immediate emancipation and racial equality for African Americans
Frederick Douglass
American abolitiionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star
Sojourner Truth
American evangelist and reformer, she was born an esnalved Arican but was later freed and became a speaker for abolition and women’s suffrage
Underground Railroad
a network of people who helped thousands of enslaved people escape to the North by providing transportation and hiding places
Harriet Tubman
American abolitionist who escaped slavery and assisted other enslaved Africans to escape; she is the most famous Underground Railroad conductor and is know as the Moses of her people
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
American woman suffrage leader, she organized the Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott. The convention was the first organized meeting fo women’s rights in the United States, which launched the suffrage movement
Lucretia Mott
American reformer, she planned the Seneca Falls Convention with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the first organized meeting for women’s rights in the United States
Declaration of Sentiments
a statement written and signed by women’s rights supporters at the Seneca Falls Convention; detailed their beliefs about social injustice against woment
Seneca Falls Convention
the first national women’s rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written
Lucy Stone
American woman suffragist, she was a well-known and accomplished antislaery speaker who supported the women’s rights movement
Susan B Anthony
American social reformer, she was active in the temperance, abolitionist, and women’s suffrage movements and was co-organizer and president of the National Woman Suffrage Association
