Ch 14 Flashcards
Know-Nothing Party
a political organization founded in 1849 by nativists who supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and to hold office
middle class
the social and economic level between the wealthy and the poor
nativists
U.S. citizens who opposed immigration because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them
tenements
poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived
Henry David Thoreau
American writer and transcendentalist philosopher, he studied nature and published a magazine article, “Civil Disobedience” as well as his famous book, Walden Pond
Margaret Fuller
A journalist, critic, and women’s rights activist, she wasamember of the Transcendentalist group of Authors.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
American essayist and poet, he was a suporrter of the transcendentalist philosophy of self-reliance
transcendentalism
the idea that people could rise above the material things in life; a popular movement among New England writers and thinkers in the mid-1800s
Nathaniel Hawthorne
American writer, he is famous for his many stories and books, including The Scarlet Letter, and he is recognized as one of the first authors to write in a uniquely American style.
utopian communities
places where people worked to establish a perfect society; such communities were popular in the United States during the late 1700s and early to mid-1800s
Edgar Allen Poe
American writer, he is famed for his haunting poem “The Raven” as well as many other chilling or romantic stories and poems. He is credited with creating the first detective story, “The Gold Bug”
Emily Dickinson
American poet, she lived a reclusive life, and her poems were not widely acclaimed until after her death
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
American poet known for his story-poems, such as Paul Revere’s Ride in Tales of a Wayside Inn and The Song of Hiawatha
Walt Whitman
American poet, he gained recognition abroad and later at home for unrhymed works of poetry praising the United States, Americans, democracy, and individualism.
Charles Grandison Finney
American clergyman and educator, he became influential in the Second Great Awakening after a dramatic religious experience and conversion. He led long revivals that annoyed conventional ministers
Lyman Beecher
.American clergyman, he disapproved of thestyle of preachingof the Great Awakening ministers. He served as president of the Lane Theological Seminary and supported female higher education
Second Great Awakening
a period of religious evangelism that began in the 1790s and became widespread in the United States by the 1830s
temperance movement
a social reform effort begun in the mid-1800s to encourage people to drink less alcohol
Dorothea Dix
American philanthropist and social reformer, she helped change the prison system nationwide by advocating the development of state hospitals for treatment of the mentally ill instead of imprisonment
Horace Mann
American educator, he is considered the father of American public education. He was a leader of the common-school movement, advocating education for all children
common-school movement
a social reform effort that began in the mid-1800s and promoted the idea of having all children educated in a common place regardless of social class or background
Catharine Beecher
American educator and the daughter of Lyman Beecher, she promoted education for women in such writings as An Essay on the Education of Female Teachers. She founded the first all-female academy.
Thomas Gallaudet
American educator, he studied techniques for instructing hearing impaired people and established the first American school for the hearing impaired
abolition
an end to slavery