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SS8 > Ch 19 > Flashcards

Ch 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Bessemer process

A

a process developed in the 1850s that led to faster, cheaper steel production

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2
Q

Second Industrial Revolution

A

a period of rapid growth in manufacturing and industry in the late 1800s

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3
Q

patent

A

an exclusive right to make or sell an invention

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4
Q

Thomas Alva Edison

A

American inventor of over 1,000 patents, he invented the lightbulb and established a power plant that supplied electricity to parts of New York City

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5
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

American inventor and educator, his interest in electrical and mechanical devices to aid the hearing-impaired led to the development and patent of the telephone

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6
Q

Henry Ford

A

Founder of Ford Motor Company, he created the moving assembly line and is often credited with helping to create a middle class in American culture.

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7
Q

Orville and Wilbur Wright

A

American pioneers of aviation, the went from experiments with kites and gliders to piloting the first successful gas-powered airplane flight and later founded the American Wright Company to manufacture airplanes.

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8
Q

corporation

A

a business that sells portions of ownership called stock shares

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9
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

American industrialist and humanitarian, he focused his attention on steelmaking and made a fortune through his vertical integration method

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10
Q

John D Rockefeller

A

American industrialist and philanthropist, he made a fortune in the oil business and used vertical and horizontal integration to establish a monopoly on the steel business

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11
Q

vertical integration

A

the business practice of owning all of the businesses involved in each step of a manufacturing process

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12
Q

horizontal integration

A

owning all the businesses in a certain field

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13
Q

Leland Stanford

A

American railroad builder and politician, he established the California Central Pacific Railroad and founded Stanford University

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14
Q

social Darwinism

A

a view of society based on Charles Darwin’s scientific theory of natural selection

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15
Q

trust

A

a number of companies legally grouped under a single board of directors

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16
Q

monopoly

A

a complete control over the entire supply of goods or a service in a particular market

17
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free traqde

18
Q

Frederick Taylor

A

American efficiency engineer, he introduced the manufacturing system known as scientific management that viewed workers as mechanical parts of the production process, not as human beings

19
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

an organization that united skilled workers into national unions for specific industries

20
Q

Knights of Labor

A

secret society that became the first truly national labor union in the United States

21
Q

Samuel Gompers

A

American labor leader, he helped found the American Federation of Labor to campaign for workers’ rights, such as the right to organize boycotts

22
Q

Terence Powderly

A

American labor leader for the Knights of Labor, he removed the secrecy originally surrounding the organization, leading to its becoming the first truly national American labor union

23
Q

collective bargaining

A

a technique used by labor unions in which workers act collectively to changed working conditions or wages

24
Q

Haymarket Riot

A

a riot that broke out at Haymarket Square in Chicago over the deaths of two strikers

25
Q

Homestead strike

A

a labor-union strike at Andrew Carnegie’s Homestead Steel factory in Pennsylvania that erupted in iolence between strikers and private detectives

26
Q

Pullman strike

A

a railroad strike that ended when President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops

27
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act

A

a law that set regulatory standards for industries involved in preparing food

SS8 (23 decks)

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