Ch 18

Question 1

frontier

Answer 1

an undeveloped area

Question 2

Comstock Lode

Answer 2

Nevada gold and silver mine discovered by Henry Comstock in 1859

Question 3

boomtown

Answer 3

a Western community that grew quickly because of the mining boom and often disappeared when the boom ended

Question 4

cattle drive

Answer 4

a long journey on which cowboys herded cattle to northern markets or better grazing lands

Question 5

Cattle Kingdom

Answer 5

an area of the Great Plains on which many ranchers raised cattle in the late 1800s

Question 6

Chisholm Trail

Answer 6

a trail that ran from San Antonio, Teas to Abilene, Kansas, established by Jesse Chisholm in the late 1860s for cattle drives

Question 7

Pony Express

Answer 7

a system of messengers that carried mail between relay stations on a route 2,000-miles long in 1860 and 1861

Question 8

transcontinental railroad

Answer 8

a railroad system that crossed the continental United States; construction begain in 1863

Question 9

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Answer 9

a treaty signed in Wyoming by the United States and northern Plains nations

Question 10

Crazy Horse

Answer 10

Native American chief of Oglala Sioux, hetook part in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, in which General Custerwassurroundedandkilled.Hewaskilled after surrendering and resisting imprisonment

Question 11

reservations

Answer 11

federal lands set aside for American Indians

Question 12

Treaty of Medicine Lodge

Answer 12

an agreement between the US government and souther Plains Indians in which the Indians agreen to move onto reservations

Question 13

Battle of Little Big Horn

Answer 13

“Custer’s Last Stand”; battle between U.S. soldiers, led by George Armstrong Custer, and Sioux warriors, led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, that resulted in the worst defeat for the U.S. Army in the West

Question 14

buffalo soldiers

Answer 14

African American soldiers who served in the cavalry during the wars for the west

Question 15

George Armstrong Custer

Answer 15

American army officer in the Civil War, he became a Native American fighter in the West and was killed with his troops in the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Question 16

Sitting Bull

Answer 16

American Indian leader who became the head chief of the entire Sioux nation, he encouraged other Sioux leaders to resist government demands to buy lands on the Black Hills reservation

Question 17

Geronimo

Answer 17

Chiricahua Apache leader, he evaded capture for years and led an extraordinary opposition struggle against white settlements in the American Southwest until his eventual surrender

Question 18

Long Walk

Answer 18

a 300-mile march made by Navajo captives to a reservation in Bosque Redondo, New Mexico, that led to the deaths of hundreds of Navajo

Question 19

Massacre at Wounded Knee

Answer 19

the U.S. Army’s killing of approximately 150 Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota; ended U.S.-Indian wars on the Plains

Question 20

Dawes General Allotment Act

Answer 20

legislation passed by Congress that split up Indian reservation lands among individual Indians and promised them citizenship

Question 21

Ghost Dance

Answer 21

a religious movement among Native Americans that spread across the Plains in the 1880s

Question 22

Sarah Winnemucca

Answer 22

Paiute Indian reformer, she was an actiist for Indian rights and lectured specifically about the problems of the reservation system

Question 23

Joseph

Answer 23

Native American chief of the Nez Perce group, he became involved in a war with the US Army when his people were removed to a reservation in Idaho

Question 24

Homestead Act

Answer 24

a law passed by Congress to encourage settlement in the West by giving government-owned land to small farmers

Question 25

Morrill Act

Answer 25

a federal law passed by Congress that gave land to western states to encourage them to build colleges

Question 26

dry farming

Answer 26

a method of farming used by Plains farmers in the 1890s that shifted focus from water-dependent crops to more hardy crops

Question 27

Exodusters

Answer 27

African Americans who settled western lands in the late 1800s

Question 28

sodbusters

Answer 28

the name given to Plains farmers who worked hard to break up the region’s tough sod

Question 29

Annie Bidwell

Answer 29

American pioneer activist, she worked for social and moral causes and for women’s suffrage

Question 30

National Grange

Answer 30

a social and educational organization for farmers

Question 31

deflation

Answer 31

a decrease in money supply and overall lower prices

Question 32

Populist Party

Answer 32

a political party formed in 1892 that supported free coinage of silver, work reforms, immigration restrictions, and government ownership of railroads and telegraph and telephone systems

Question 33

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 33

American lawyer and Populist politician, he favored free silver coinage, an economic policy expected to help farmers. He was a Democratic nominee for president in 1896 and was defeated by William McKinley