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Medical Terminology Systems > Ch. 7 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Breathing helps regulate

A

the blood pH, helping maintain homeostasis of the body

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2
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during metabolism

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3
Q

cartilage

A

Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone

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4
Q

cilia

A

Minute, hairlike structures that extend from the surface of a cell

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5
Q

diffuse

A

To move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces

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6
Q

oxygen (O2)

A

Tasteless, odorless, colorless gas essential for human respiration

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7
Q

pH

A

Symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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8
Q

serous membrane (serosa)

A

Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes fluid that keeps membrane moist

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9
Q

nasal cavity

A

chamber lined w/ mucosa/cilia

where air enters and is filtered/heated/moistened for journey into lungs

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10
Q

The nasal cavity is divided into

A

right/left side by nasal septum (vertical partition of cartilage)

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11
Q

Olfactory neurons are:

A

smell receptors covered with layer of mucus, located deep in nasal cavity, embedded among epithelial cells lining the nasal tract.

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12
Q

3 sections of pharynx:

A

nasopharynx, posterior to the nose
oropharynx, posterior to the mouth,
laryngopharynx, superior to the larynx

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13
Q

adenoids

A

collection of lymphoid tissue within the nasopharynx

aka pharyngeal tonsils

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14
Q

palatine tonsils (location and function)

A

aka tonsils
located in oropharynx
protect opening to respiratory tract from microscopic organisms

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15
Q

larynx

A

aka voice box
contains structures that make vocal sounds possible
short passage that joins the pharynx with trachea

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16
Q

epiglottis

A

leaf-shaped structure on top of larynx
seals off air passage to lungs during swallowing
prevents food/liquids from obstructing air flow

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17
Q

The trachea is composed of

A

smooth muscle embedded with C-shaped rings of cartilage, which provide rigidity to keep the air passage open.

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18
Q

The trachea divides into two branches called

A

bronchi (singular, bronchus)

each branch leads to either the right or left lung

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19
Q

The inner walls of the trachea and bronchi are composed of

A

MUCOUS MEMBRANE (MUCOSA) EMBEDDED W/ CILIA

  • mucosa traps incoming particles
  • cilia move entrapped material up into pharynx (expelled by coughing, sneezing, or swallowing)
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20
Q

bronchi contain

A

C-shaped rings of cartilage

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21
Q

Each bronchus divides into

A

smaller and smaller branches, eventually forming bronchioles.

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22
Q

At the end of the bronchioles are

A

tiny air sacs called alveoli (singular, alveolus).

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23
Q

pulmonary capillaries

A

SWAP CO2/O2 W/ THIN TISSUE MEMBRANES OF ALVEOLI

CO2 diffuses from in pulmonary capillaries into alveolar spaces, O2 from alveoli diffuses in blood

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24
Q

How many lobes are in the lungs?

A

5 (3 in right lung and 2 in left)

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25
Q

mediastinum

A

space between the right and left lungs

contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi

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26
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane
covers lobes of lungs
folds over to line walls of thoracic cavity

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27
Q

visceral pleura

A

membrane lying closest to the lung

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28
Q

parietal pleura

A

membrane that lines the thoracic cavity

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29
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal pleura

contains lubricating fluid that allows visceral pleura to glide over parietal pleura during breathing.

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30
Q

diaphragm

A

large muscular partition between chest/abdominal cavities

changes internal volume to produce pressure differential for ventilation

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31
Q

inspiration

A

diaphragm contracts, partially descends into abdominal cavity, decreases pressure in chest and draws air into lung

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32
Q

expiration

A

diaphragm relaxes, slowly reenters thoracic cavity, increases pressure in chest and air leaves the lungs

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33
Q

The intercostal muscles assist the diaphragm in changing the volume of the thoracic cavity by

A

elevating and lowering the rib cage

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34
Q

4 processes of respiration:

A
  • pulmonary ventilation
  • external respiration
  • transport of respiratory gases
  • internal respiration
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35
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

BREATHING (inspiration and expiration)
largely involuntary response to changes in O2/CO2 levels
or nervous stimulation of diaphragm/intercostal muscles

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36
Q

external respiration

A

the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries

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37
Q

transport of respiratory gases

A

the movement of O2 to body cells and CO2 to the lungs by means of the cardiovascular system

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38
Q

internal respiration

A

the exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and the blood in systemic capillaries.

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39
Q

Complete Anatomy Review (pg 184)

A

Respiratory System

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40
Q

The main function of the respiratory system is to

A

provide oxygen to the entire body and expel carbon dioxide from the body

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41
Q

Functional relationship between respiratory system and

Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune

A

tonsils, adenoids, and other immune structures protect against pathogens entering respiratory passageways

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42
Q

Functional relationship between respiratory system and

Cardiovascular

A

provides O2/ removes CO2 from cardiac tissue

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43
Q

Functional relationship between respiratory system and

Digestive

A
  • provides O2 needed for digestive functions.
  • removes CO2 produced by organs of digestion.
  • share the pharynx
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44
Q

Functional relationship between respiratory system and

Endocrine

A

helps maintain stable pH required for proper functioning of endocrine glands

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45
Q

Functional relationship between respiratory system and

Female Reproductive

A
  • Respiratory rate increases in response to sexual activity.

* Fetal respiration occurs during pregnancy.

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46
Q

Functional relationship between respiratory system and

Male Reproductive

A
  • Respiratory rate increases in response to sexual activity.
  • helps maintain pH for gonadal hormone function.
  • O2 supplied to reproductive structures to maintain viable sperm.
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47
Q

Functional relationship between respiratory system and

Integumentary

A

• provides O2/ removes CO2 to maintain healthy skin.

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48
Q

Functional relationship between respiratory system and

Musculoskeletal

A
  • provides O2 for muscle contraction.
  • provides O2 for bone development.
  • removes CO2 produced by muscles.
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49
Q

Functional relationship between respiratory system and

Nervous

A

provides O2 for brain/spinal cord/sensory organ functions

helps maintain a stable pH for neural function.

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50
Q

Functional relationship between respiratory system and

Urinary

A
  • provides O2 /removes CO2 to maintain proper functioning of urinary structures.
  • removes CO2 to assists urinary structures in regulating pH
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51
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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52
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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53
Q

nose

A

nas/o

rhin/o

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54
Q

nasal

A

pertaining to the nose

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55
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

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56
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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57
Q

septoplasty

A

surgical repair of the septum

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58
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus, cavity

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59
Q

sinusotomy

A

incision of the sinus

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60
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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61
Q

pharryngoscope

A

instrument for examining the pharynx

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62
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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63
Q

adenoidectomy

A

removal of adenoids

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64
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

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65
Q

peritonsillar

A

pertaining to around the tonsils

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66
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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67
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

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68
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx (voice box)

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69
Q

laryngoplegia

A

paralysis of the larynx

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70
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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71
Q

tracheoplasty

A

surgical repair of the trachea

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72
Q

bronchi/o

A

bronchus (plural, bronchi)

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73
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchus (plural, bronchi)

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74
Q

bronchus (plural, bronchi)

A

bronchi/o

bronch/o

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75
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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76
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilation of the bronchus

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77
Q

bronchoscope

A

instrument for examining bronchii

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78
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the bronchiole

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79
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus; air sac

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80
Q

alveolar

A

pertaining to the alveolus

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81
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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82
Q

pleuroscopy

A

visual examination of the pleura

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83
Q

pneum/o

A

air; lung

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84
Q

pneumon/o

A

air; lung

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85
Q

air; lung

A

pneum/o

pneumon/o

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86
Q

pneumolith

A

stone of the lung

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87
Q

pneumonia

A

condition of the lung

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88
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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89
Q

pulmonogist

A

specialist in the study of lungs

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90
Q

anthrac/o

A

coal, coal dust

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91
Q

anthracosis

A

abnormal increase of coal dust

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92
Q

atel/o

A

incomplete; imperfect

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93
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete dilation

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94
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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95
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal condition of lung dust

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96
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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97
Q

cyanosis

A

abnormal condition of blue

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98
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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99
Q

lobectomy

A

excision of the lobe

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100
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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101
Q

orthopnea

A

breathing straight

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102
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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103
Q

hypoxemia

A

blood condition of deficient oxygen

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104
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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105
Q

steth/o

A

chest

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106
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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107
Q

chest

A

pector/o
steth/o
thorac/o

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108
Q

pectoralgia

A

pain in the chest

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109
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument for examining the chest

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110
Q

thoracopathy

A

disease of the chest

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111
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm; mind

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112
Q

phrenospasm

A

involuntary contraction of the diaphragm

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113
Q

spir/o

A

breathe

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114
Q

spirometer

A

instrument for measure breathe

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115
Q

-capnia

A

carbon dioxide (CO2)

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116
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive carbon dioxide

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117
Q

-osmia

A

smell

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118
Q

anosmia

A

without smell

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119
Q

-phonia

A

voice

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120
Q

dysphonia

A

bad, painful, difficulty producing sound

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121
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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122
Q

-apnea

A

without breathing

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123
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

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124
Q

hemoptysis

A

spitting blood

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125
Q

-thorax

A

chest

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126
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in chest

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127
Q

brady-

A

slow

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128
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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129
Q

dys-

A

bad, painful, difficult

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130
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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131
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

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132
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

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133
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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134
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

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135
Q

surgical puncture of the pleura

A

pleurocentesis

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136
Q

instrument for examining the bronchus

A

bronchoscope

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137
Q

excision of the tonsils

A

tonsillectomy

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138
Q

slow breathing

A

bradypnea

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139
Q

difficult voice

A

dysphonia

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140
Q

abnormal condition of blue(ness)

A

cyanosis

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141
Q

condition of decrease of oxygen

A

hypoxia

142
Q

paralysis of the voice box

A

laryngoplegia

143
Q

surgical repair of the septum

A

septoplasty

144
Q

incision of the sinus

A

sinusotomy

145
Q

excessive carbon dioxide

A

hypercapnia

146
Q

good, normal breathing

A

eupnea

147
Q

expansion of a bronchi

A

bronchiectasis

148
Q

surgical repair of the nose

A

rhinoplasty

149
Q

condition of the lungs

A

pneumonia

150
Q

discharge from the nose

A

rhinorrhea

151
Q

inflammation of (mucous membranes of the) nose

A

rhinitis

152
Q

visual examination of the larynx

A

laryngoscopy

153
Q

inflammation of the larynx

A

laryngitis

154
Q

stricture or narrowing of the larynx

A

laryngostenosis

155
Q

dilation or expansion of the bronchus

A

bronchiectasis

156
Q

disease of the bronchus

A

bronchopathy

157
Q

spasm of the bronchus

A

bronchospasm

158
Q

air in the chest (pleural space)

A

pneumothorax

159
Q

inflammation of the lungs

A

pneumonitis

160
Q

specialist in lung (diseases)

A

pulmonologist

161
Q

pertaining to the lung

A

pulmonary or pulmonic

162
Q

difficult breathing

A

dyspnea

163
Q

rapid breathing

A

tachypnea

164
Q

absence of breathing

A

apnea

165
Q

surgical repair of the nose

A

rhinoplasty

166
Q

surgical puncture of the chest

A

thoracocentesis or thoracentesis

167
Q

removal of a lung

A

pulmonectomy or pneumonectomy

168
Q

forming an opening (mouth) in the trachea

A

tracheostomy

169
Q

thoracodynia

A

chest pain

170
Q

Pulmonology

A

medical specialty concerned with disorders of the respiratory system

171
Q

pulmonologist

A

physician who treats these disorders of the respiratory system

172
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

respiratory disorders that produce a chronic partial obstruction of the air passages

chronic in nature and insidious
leads to limited airflow and difficulty in breathing

173
Q

insidious

A

proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects.

174
Q

3 major disorders of COPD are

A

asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

175
Q

paroxysmal

A

sudden and violent symptoms

176
Q

Asthma symptoms

A

bronchospasms that may be paroxysmal

dyspnea

177
Q

Asthma is caused by

A

exposure to allergens or irritants. Other causes include stress, cold, and exercise.

178
Q

productive cough

A

cough that produces mucus (during recovery)

179
Q

exacerbations

A

symptoms become more difficult, and flare-ups occur more frequently.

180
Q

mucolytics

A

agents that loosen and break down mucus

181
Q

bronchodilators

A

medications that expand the bronchi by relaxing their smooth muscles

182
Q

status asthmaticus

A

life threatening condition caused my untreatable bronchospasm (asthma)

183
Q

Stages of COPD: At Risk, Mild

A
  • Minor difficulty with airflow
  • Possible presence of chronic cough with sputum production
  • Patient possibly unaware of disease
184
Q

Stages of COPD: Moderate

A
  • Apparent limitation in airflow
  • Possible shortness of breath
  • Patient possibly seeking medical intervention at this level
185
Q

Stages of COPD: Severe

A
  • Inadequate airflow
  • Increase in shortness of breath with activity
  • Patient experiencing diminished quality of life
186
Q

Stages of COPD: Very Severe

A
  • Severe airflow limitations
  • Significant impairment in quality of life
  • Possible life-threatening exacerbations
  • Possible development of complications, such as respiratory or heart failure
187
Q

Chronic bronchitis (cause/characteristics)

A

inflammation of bronchi caused:
smoking/air pollution
viruses/bacteria

swelling of the mucosa
heavy, productive cough
chest pain

188
Q

expectorants

A

Bronchodilators and medications that aid in the removal of mucus

help widen air passages.

189
Q

Emphysema is characterized by

A

decreased elasticity of alveoli
expand but unable to contract - difficult to exhale
The air that remains trapped in chest results in characteristic “barrel-chested” appearance.

190
Q

Emphysema commonly occurs with:

A

another respiratory disorder (asthma, tuberculosis, or chronic bronchitis) and in long-term heavy smokers.

191
Q

orthopnea

A

finding it easier to breathe when standing upright

192
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, primarily the microscopic air sacs (alveoli)

193
Q

consolidation

A

lung tissue loses its spongy texture and becomes swollen and engorged

194
Q

Causes of pneumonia include

A

bacterial/viral infections

also fungi, chemicals, inhaled substances (food, vomit, liquids [aspiration pneumonias])

195
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

bacterial origin
affects large portion or entire lobe of lung
primary pneumonia
Antibiotic therapy is effective

196
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

caused by variety of organisms
centered in the bronchi and surrounding alveoli
secondary pneumonia.

197
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

A

associated with AIDS
caused by normal flora
causes no harm if individual remains healthy
opportunistic

198
Q

opportunistic

A

when the immune system begins to fail, this organism becomes infectious

199
Q

common signs and symptoms of pneumonia

A

Thoracodynia, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and mucopurulent sputum

200
Q

mucopurulent sputum

A

coughing up sputum containing white blood cells

201
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

life threatening
lungs don’t function effectively
result of very serious lung conditions
alveoli fill with fluid (edema) and collapse, making oxygen exchange impossible.

202
Q

systemic infections

A

infections that affect the entire body

203
Q

sepsis

A

major infections that affect the blood

204
Q

nares

A

flaring of nostrils

205
Q

hyaline membrane

A

membrane that has a ground-glass appearance

206
Q

alveolar consolidation

A

fluid in the alveoli

207
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)

A

syndrome in preterm/infant w/ diabetic mom
caused by insufficient surfactant
alveoli collapse, breathing becomes labored
causes cyanosis of extremities, nares, tachypnea, and characteristic grunt during exhalation

208
Q

surfactant

A

a phospholipid substance that helps keep alveoli open

209
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

lung cancer arising in epithelium of the bronchial tree

masses form, block air passages/alveoli and metastasize

210
Q

adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs and airways, commonly leading to a diagnosis of a respiratory or cardiac condition

211
Q

crackle

A

Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale

212
Q

rhonchus

A

Continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring

213
Q

stridor

A

High-pitched, harsh sound
caused by spasm/swelling of larynx
or obstructed upper airway

214
Q

wheeze

A

Whistling/sighing from narrowing of lumen

215
Q

acidosis

A

Excessive acidity of body fluids

216
Q

anosmia

A

Absence of the sense of smell

217
Q

-osmia

A

smell

218
Q

apnea

A

Disorder where breathing stops repeatedly during sleep,

causing blood deoxygenation, patient to awaken gasping for air

219
Q

central (CSA)

apnea

A

occurs when brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing

220
Q

obstructive (OSA)

apnea

A

Most common apnea

upper airway blockage that prevents adequate air flow

221
Q

mixed

apnea

A

when central and obstructive apnea occur simultaneously

222
Q

atelectasis

A

Collapsed/airless state of lung

may be acute/chronic and affect all/part of lung

223
Q

atel

A

incomplete, imperfect

224
Q

coryza

A

AKA RHINITIS

Acute inflammation of nose membranes

225
Q

croup

A

Common childhood condition
inflammation of larynx, trachea, bronchial passages
sometimes lungs

226
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

Life-threatening genetic disease
causes mucus to become thick/sticky
plugs tubes/ducts, especially in lungs/pancreas

227
Q

cyst

A

bladder

228
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber, fibrous tissue

229
Q

deviated nasal septum

A

Displacement of septum

causes reduced airflow and nosebleed

230
Q

epiglottitis

A

Severe, life-threatening infection of epiglottis and supraglottic structures
occurs most ages 2-12

231
Q

epistaxis

A

Nasal hemorrhage; also called nosebleed

232
Q

hypoxemia

A

causes hypoxia
O2 deficiency in arterial blood
sign of respiratory impairment

233
Q

hypoxia

A

Oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body that commonly causes cyanosis

234
Q

influenza

A

Flu
Acute, contagious viral disorder of respiratory tract
causes weakness, fever, chills, muscle pain (back, arms, legs)

235
Q

pertussis

A

WHOOPING COUGH
Acute, infectious disease
cough that has “whoop” sound

236
Q

pleural effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid pleural cavity

impairs breathing by limiting expansion of the lungs

237
Q

empyema

A

Exudative effusion - pus in pleural cavity
from bacterial pneumonia in lungs
also called pyothorax

238
Q

pneumothorax

A

Presence of air in the pleural cavity, commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury or as the result of a thoracic surgery

239
Q

pleurisy

A

PLEURITIS
Inflammation of pleural membrane
stabbing pain; intensifies by coughing/deep breathing

240
Q

pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure

241
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

Blockage in pulmonary artery by mass of undissolved matter (blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, bacteria) from another part of body.

242
Q

embol

A

plug

243
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

Potentially fatal contagious disease
spread through respiratory droplets,
affecting any organ but primarily lungs/chest
causes chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats

244
Q

tubercul

A

little swelling

245
Q

Mantoux test

A

TB test to determine previous exposure to TB

injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) under skin

246
Q

oximetry

A

Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry

247
Q

polysomnography

A

Test of sleep cycles/stages using EEGs and other methods

248
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

249
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

Series of tests to aid in the diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments

250
Q

spirometry

A

PFT that measures how much and how quickly air moves in and out of the lungs (See Fig. 7-8.)

251
Q

bronchoscopy

A

Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic or rigid) inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor (See Fig. 7-9.)

252
Q

laryngoscopy

A

Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities

253
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

Visual examination of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

254
Q

arterial blood gas (ABG)

A

Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood

255
Q

sputum culture

A

Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

256
Q

sweat test

A

Measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat

257
Q

throat culture

A

Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

258
Q

chest x-ray (CXR)

A

Radiographic test to identify lung conditions (pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD, pneumothorax)

259
Q

computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

A

Minimally invasive imaging of pulmonary arteries

combines computed tomography scanning and angiography

260
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (usually the blood or lymph)

261
Q

ventilation-perfusion

A 
Nuclear test scan
evaluates airflow (ventilation) /blood flow (perfusion) in lungs for evidence of blood clot; also called V-Q lung scan
262
Q

pleurectomy

A

Excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura

263
Q

pneumonectomy

A

Excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer (See Fig. 7-10.)

264
Q

septoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum that is usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

265
Q

thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis

266
Q

tracheostomy

A

Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted (See Fig. 7-12.)

267
Q

aerosol therapy

A

Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways

268
Q

antral lavage

A

Washing/irrigating of paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management

269
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

270
Q

postural drainage

A

positioning patient so gravity aids in drainage of secretions from bronchi and lobes of lungs to make breathing easier

271
Q

antibiotics

A

Destroy/inhibit growth of bacteria by disrupting membranes or metabolic processes

272
Q

antihistamines

A

Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues

273
Q

antitussives

A

Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain

274
Q

bronchodilators

A

Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased airflow

275
Q

corticosteroids

A

block production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions

276
Q

decongestants

A

Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways

277
Q

expectorants

A

Liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes

278
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas(es)

279
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

280
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

281
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

282
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

283
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

284
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

285
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

286
Q

CTPA

A

computed tomography pulmonary angiography

287
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray, chest radiograph

288
Q

DPI

A

dry powder inhaler

289
Q

DPT

A

diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus

290
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

291
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

292
Q

Hb, Hgb

A

hemoglobin

293
Q

HMD

A

hyaline membrane disease

294
Q

MDI

A

metered-dose inhaler

295
Q

NMT

A

nebulized mist treatment

296
Q

O2

A

oxygen

297
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

298
Q

PCO2

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide

299
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia; primary care physician

300
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function test

301
Q

PH

A

degree of acidity or alkalinity

302
Q

PO2

A

partial pressure of oxygen

303
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative

304
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

305
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

306
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

307
Q
  1. collapsed or airless lung
A

atelectasis

308
Q
  1. pus in the pleural cavity
A

empyema

309
Q
  1. abnormal breath sound commonly resembling snoring
A

rhonchus

310
Q
  1. deficiency of oxygen (in the tissues)
A

hypoxia

311
Q
  1. inflammatory fluid high in protein with blood and immune cells
A

exudate

312
Q

absence or decrease in the sense of smell

A

anosmia

313
Q
  1. deficiency of oxygen in atrial blood
A

hypoxemia

314
Q
  1. genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky
A

cystic fibrosis

315
Q
  1. acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract
A

influenza

316
Q
  1. disease characterized by a decrease in alveolar elasticity
A

emphysema

317
Q
  1. spitting of blood
A

hemoptysis

318
Q
  1. nosebleed; nasal hemorrhage
A

epistaxis

319
Q
  1. excessive fluid in the lungs that induces cough and dyspnea
A

pulmonary edema

320
Q
  1. noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with less protein
A

transudate

321
Q
  1. displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils
A

deviated septum

322
Q
  1. acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called
A

coryza

323
Q
  1. potentially fatal disease spread through respiratory droplets
A

tuberculosis

324
Q
  1. inflammation of the pleural membrane
A

pleurisy

325
Q

loss of sponginess of lungs due to engorgement

A

consolidation

326
Q
  1. whooping cough
A

pertussis

327
Q
  1. microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract
A

sputum culture

328
Q
  1. test of sleep cycles and stages
A

polysomnography

329
Q
  1. imaging procedure to evaluate the lungs
A

CXR

330
Q
  1. washing or irrigating sinuses
A

antral lavage

331
Q
  1. relieves sneezing, runny nose, itchiness, and rashes
A

antihistamine

332
Q
  1. relieves or suppresses coughing
A

antitussive

333
Q
  1. used primarily in children to confirm cystic fibrosis
A

sweat test

334
Q
  1. noninvasive test used to monitor the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen
A

oximetry

335
Q
  1. surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
A

thoracentesis

336
Q
  1. inhalation of medication directly into the respiratory system via a nebulizer
A

aerosol therapy

337
Q
  1. decreases mucous membrane swelling by constricting blood vessels
A

decongestant

338
Q
  1. intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity
A

Mantoux test

339
Q
  1. laboratory tests to assess gases and pH of arterial blood
A

ABGs

340
Q
  1. reduces the viscosity of sputum to facilitate productive coughing
A

expectorant

341
Q
  1. used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
A

throat culture

342
Q
  1. multiple tests used to determine the ability of lungs and capillary membranes to exchange oxygen
A

pulmonary function tests

343
Q
  1. visual examination of the voice box to detect tumors and other abnormalities
A

laryngoscopy

344
Q
  1. procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum
A

septoplasty

345
Q
  1. excision of the entire lung
A

pneumonectomy

346
Q
  1. reconstructive surgery of the nose, commonly for cosmetic purposes
A

rhinoplasty

347
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A

Muscular tube which constitutes first major section of air passages leading to the lungs.

348
Q

Larynx

A

Responsible for sound production (voice)

349
Q

Trachea

A

Extension of air passage below the larynx

350
Q

Bronchi

A

Two branches of the trachea, one leading to each lung

Medical Terminology Systems (16 decks)

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