Ch. 6 Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

Question 1

growth and reproduction of an individual

Answer 1

life cycle

Question 2

joining of egg and sperm, creating gamete.

Answer 2

fertilization

Question 3

genes in sperm and eggs provides information about traits of offspring

Answer 3

genetic variation

Question 4

mutation lead to different alleles

Answer 4

gene mutation

Question 5

set of 2 equivalent chromosomes. not identical, each has own mutations

Answer 5

homologous pair

Question 6

separation of allele pairs during gamete production. leads to independant assortment

Answer 6

segregation

Question 7

each pair is segregated into daughter cells independantly of other pairs during gamete production (random alignment) genes that are on different chromosomes are inherited independantly of each other

Answer 7

independant assortment

Question 8

gametes combine without regard to alleles they carry

Answer 8

random fertilization

Question 9

nonidentical or fraternal twins. 2 eggs fuse with 2 sperm. are genetically no more similar than siblings vorn at different times

Answer 9

dizygotic twins

Question 10

identical twins. develop from single egg and sperm, creating an embryo. cells in an embryo split

Answer 10

monozygotic twins

Question 11

genetic composition of an individual. description of alleles for a particular gene

Answer 11

genotype

Question 12

2 different alleles for same gene

Answer 12

heterozygous

Question 13

2 copies of same allele for a gene

Answer 13

homozygous

Question 14

effects can only be seen when there is no dominant allele present. typically nonfunctional

Answer 14

recessive

Question 15

effects seen even when recessive allele is present

Answer 15

dominant

Question 16

physical traits of an individual

Answer 16

phenotype

Question 17

genetic disease

Answer 17

can be caused by recessive and dominant alleles

Question 18

recessive condition. mutant ion transporter protein.

Answer 18

cystic fibrosis

Question 19

not affected by recessive allele, but can pass on to next generation

Answer 19

carriers

Question 20

dominant allele. production of protein that forms lumps inside nuclei of cells

Answer 20

huntingtons

Question 21

table to predict outcomes of a cross in genes

Answer 21

punnett square