Ch. 4 Cellular Respiration

Question 1

converts energy in chemical bonds of food into energy cells can use

Answer 1

cellular respiration

Question 2

where is energy stored?

Answer 2

in the electrons of bonds

Question 3

nuncleotide triphosphate. contains nitrogenous base (adenine), sugar, and 3 phosphates.

Answer 3

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 4

phosphates in ATP

Answer 4

negatively charged. releasing them releases energy the cell can use. can be regenerated by adding a phosphate

Question 5

ADP

Answer 5

adenosine diphosphate.

Question 6

removing a phosphate group from ATP, making ADP, and transferring it to another molecule to energize

Answer 6

phosphorylation

Question 7

aerobic respiration

Answer 7

requires O2. uses glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain

Question 8

located in cytoplasm. carbon-glucose molecule is broken down into 3 carbon pyruvic acids producing 2 ATP. glucose+ water->carbon dioxide+water

Answer 8

glycolysis

Question 9

location of glycolysis

Answer 9

cytoplasm

Question 10

how many ATP are produced in glycolysis

Answer 10

2 ATP

Question 11

what is broken down in glycolysis to produce 2 ATP

Answer 11

carbon-glucose molecule into 3 carbon pyruvic acids

Question 12

what happens after pyruvic acid is decarboxylated?

Answer 12

the now 2 carbon fragment is metabolized further in the mitochondria entering the citric acid cycle

Question 13

located in matrix of mitochondria. uses products of glycolysis, pyruvic acid, to produce 2 ATP per glucose molecule.cycle harvests electrons from remnants of glucose and releases CO2. NAD+ picks up 2 H+ and releases 1 H+, turning into NADH. NADH transports harvested e- from the cycle to transport chain. pyruvic acid->3CO2+1ATP+5 reduced enzymes

Answer 13

citric acid cycle

Question 14

location of citric acid cycle

Answer 14

matrix of mitochondria

Question 15

how many ATP are produced in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 15

2 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 16

what is NAD+’s role in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 16

picks up 2H+ and releases one to turn into NADH. NADH is used to transport e- from the cycle to the transport chain

Question 17

chemical formula for citric acid cycle

Answer 17

pyruvic acid->3CO2+1ATP+5 reduced enzymes

Question 18

NADH bring e- which move through protein into the inner membrane space, decreasing the H+ concentration in the matrix and increasing H+ concentration in the inner membrane space. H+ cant go through hydrophobic core of membrane and must travel through ATP synthase enzyme. enzyme generates energy from H+ ions rushing through it. creates 26 ATP

Answer 18

electron transport chain

Question 19

what brings the e- to the electron transport chain

Answer 19

NADH

Question 20

how many ATP are produced in the electron transport chain?

Answer 20

26 ATP

Question 21

how is ATP generated in the electron transport chain?

Answer 21

H+ rushing through the ATP synthase enzyme

Question 22

Why does the H+ need to go through the synthase in the electron transport chain?

Answer 22

it cant travel through the hydrophobic core of the membrane

Question 23

generating ATP without O2

Answer 23

anaerobic respiration

Question 24

doesnt use O2 and will run low on NAD+ after a while. cells use fementation to regenerate NAD+ causing buildup of lactic acid. lactic acid is sent to liver where is is converted back to pyruvic acid using O2

Answer 24

glycolysis in anaerobic respiration

Question 25

NADH dumping e- on pyruvic acid to make NAD+ because electron transport chain doesnt work without O2

Answer 25

production of lactic acid.

Question 26

why do you breath heavily after exercise?

Answer 26

the O2 is needed so the liver can convert lactic acid back to pyruvic acid