Ch. 12 Biodiversity and Classification

Question 1

bioprospecting

Answer 1

hunt for new organisms and new uses of known organisms

Question 2

biodiversity

Answer 2

variety within and among living species

Question 3

systematists

Answer 3

scientists specialized in describing and categorizing a particular group of organisms

Question 4

discovering new species

Answer 4

must be clearly distinguished from similar species and be published in a professional journal. must also collect individual specimens for storage in a specialized museum

Question 5

Natural history museum

Answer 5

storage of animal species collection

Question 6

herbaria

Answer 6

storage of plant species collection

Question 7

type-collection facility

Answer 7

storage of microbe and fungi species collection

Question 8

estimate of species

Answer 8

typical is 10 million known species

Question 9

geological periods

Answer 9

rise and fall of organism dynasties. defined by particular set of fossils

Question 10

domains

Answer 10

3 large groups of all modern species. unified by similarities in cell structure

Question 11

kingdoms

Answer 11

smaller groups within domains

Question 12

cenozoic

Answer 12

quaternary- modern organisms

tertiary-1.8 mammals birds and flowering plants

Question 13

mesozoic

Answer 13

cretaceous-65 massive carnivorous and flying dinos
jurassic-144 huge plant eating dinos
triassic-206 early dinos mammals on land “life restarts”

Question 14

plaeozoic

Answer 14

permian-251 early reptiles on land
carboniferous-290 land dominated by dense forests
devonian-354 age of fishes
silurian-408 life invades land (soft bodied animals, seedless plants, and insects)
ordovician-439 life diverse in ocean
cambrian-495 all modern animal groups appear in oceans

Question 15

pre-cambrian

Answer 15

543-single celled organisms in ocean

4500-formation of earth. first organisms and primitive bacteria appear within 1000 million years

Question 16

domain eukaria

Answer 16

all organisms contain eukaryotic cells. plantae, animalia, fungi, and protista

Question 17

kingdom plantae

Answer 17

multicellular, make own food, largely stationary. 300.000 known species

Question 18

kingdom animalia

Answer 18

multicellular, rely on others for food, mobile at least part of life cycle. 1,000,000 species

Question 19

kingdom fungi

Answer 19

multicellular, rely on others for food, reproduce by spores, body made by thin filaments hyphae. 100,000 species

Question 20

kingdom protista

Answer 20

mostly single celled, plant-like, fungus-like, and animal-like types. 15,000 species

Question 21

domain bacteria

Answer 21

prokaryotes with cell wall containing peptidoglycan

Question 22

kingdom bacteria

Answer 22

mostly single celled. some form permanent aggregates of cells. 4,000 species

Question 23

domain archae

Answer 23

prokaryotes without peptidoglycan and similarites to eukaryotes in genome organization and control. 1,000 species