Ch. 12 Biodiversity and Classification Flashcards
bioprospecting
hunt for new organisms and new uses of known organisms
biodiversity
variety within and among living species
systematists
scientists specialized in describing and categorizing a particular group of organisms
discovering new species
must be clearly distinguished from similar species and be published in a professional journal. must also collect individual specimens for storage in a specialized museum
Natural history museum
storage of animal species collection
herbaria
storage of plant species collection
type-collection facility
storage of microbe and fungi species collection
estimate of species
typical is 10 million known species
geological periods
rise and fall of organism dynasties. defined by particular set of fossils
domains
3 large groups of all modern species. unified by similarities in cell structure
kingdoms
smaller groups within domains
cenozoic
quaternary- modern organisms
tertiary-1.8 mammals birds and flowering plants
mesozoic
cretaceous-65 massive carnivorous and flying dinos
jurassic-144 huge plant eating dinos
triassic-206 early dinos mammals on land “life restarts”
plaeozoic
permian-251 early reptiles on land
carboniferous-290 land dominated by dense forests
devonian-354 age of fishes
silurian-408 life invades land (soft bodied animals, seedless plants, and insects)
ordovician-439 life diverse in ocean
cambrian-495 all modern animal groups appear in oceans
pre-cambrian
543-single celled organisms in ocean
4500-formation of earth. first organisms and primitive bacteria appear within 1000 million years
domain eukaria
all organisms contain eukaryotic cells. plantae, animalia, fungi, and protista
kingdom plantae
multicellular, make own food, largely stationary. 300.000 known species
kingdom animalia
multicellular, rely on others for food, mobile at least part of life cycle. 1,000,000 species
kingdom fungi
multicellular, rely on others for food, reproduce by spores, body made by thin filaments hyphae. 100,000 species
kingdom protista
mostly single celled, plant-like, fungus-like, and animal-like types. 15,000 species
domain bacteria
prokaryotes with cell wall containing peptidoglycan
kingdom bacteria
mostly single celled. some form permanent aggregates of cells. 4,000 species
domain archae
prokaryotes without peptidoglycan and similarites to eukaryotes in genome organization and control. 1,000 species