Ch 16. Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems

Question 1

tissue

Answer 1

group of similar cell types that perform a common function

Question 2

epithelial tissue

Answer 2

may be single or mutilayered. function in protection, secretion, and absorption. some glands are outgrown epithelial tissue, constantly sloughed off and replaced by cell division. replacement of epidermis every 4-6 weeks

Question 3

connective tissue

Answer 3

bind organs or tissue together. cells embedded in matrix of protein fibers and amorphous, gel-like substance. proportions vary on location and requirements. consistency is a function of fibers and ground substances present.

Question 4

loose connective tissue

Answer 4

connects epithelia to underlying tissues, holds organs in place, and acts as padding. loose weave of constituent fibers. cells are fibroblasts that secrete proteins collagen and elastin. matrix is cheif structure

Question 5

wrinkles

Answer 5

degradation of elastin and collagen

Question 6

adipose tissue

Answer 6

connects skin to underlying structures, insulates, and protects organs. synthesize and store energy-rich reserves of fat/lipids. cells are cheif structure

Question 7

blood

Answer 7

cells suspended in liquid and protein rich matrix called plasma

Question 8

fibrous connective tissue

Answer 8

tendons and ligaments. cells are fibroblasts. densely packed collagen fibers arrange in parallel

Question 9

cartilage

Answer 9

cells are chondrocytes that secrete the dense matrix rich in collagen.shock absorption. no vessels, so injuries heal slowly if at all

Question 10

bone

Answer 10

framework of body. marrow inside makes RBCs, cells are osteocytes that secrete substance to harden into solid matrix of collagen and calcium. central canals house nerves and blood vessels

Question 11

muscle tissue

Answer 11

capable of contracting. fibers contain actin and myosin protein that cause contraction when signaled.

Question 12

skeletal muscle

Answer 12

voluntary. striated. exercise increases cell size not number

Question 13

muscle striation

Answer 13

actin and myosin bands. smooth still has proteins, just not banded patterns

Question 14

cardiac muscle

Answer 14

involuntary. striated. highly branched and interwoven producing coordinated heartbeat

Question 15

smooth muslce

Answer 15

involuntary. not striated. contracts slower, but can stay contracted longer

Question 16

nervous tissue

Answer 16

neurons conduct and transmitt electrical impulses. main function to sense stimuli, process it, and transmitt signals. do not undergo cell division and cant repair themselves.

Question 17

tissue donation

Answer 17

once removed from donor, tissues are chemically treated to remove any cells/proteins on surface that could cause rejection. after tested and treated, sent frozen to tissue and eye banks. can be stored up to 5 years