Ch. 3 Cells and Metabolism

Question 1

required in large amounts. water, carbs, proteins, fat

Answer 1

macronutrients

Question 2

carbon bound to as many H+ as possible. solid at room temp

Answer 2

saturated fat

Question 3

carbon double bond prevents saturation. liquid at room temp

Answer 3

unsaturated fat

Question 4

many unsaturated fat. kinked structure

Answer 4

polyunsaturated fat

Question 5

combines H+ gas to increase saturation levels. slows spoiling and solidifies oils

Answer 5

hydrogenated

Question 6

Straight chain saturated fat rather than cis formation. Non beneficial to body

Answer 6

Trans fat

Question 7

Required in minute amounts. Neither destroyed nor burned for energy

Answer 7

Micronutrients

Question 8

No input of energy is required. By way of concentration gradient through plasma membrane. Hydrophobic, CO2, and O2 molecules

Answer 8

Passive transport

Question 9

movement form higher concentration to lower. continues until equilibrium is met and there is no concentration gradient. type of passive transport

Answer 9

diffusion

Question 10

proteins in bilayer allow hydrophilic molecules to pass in and out of cell according to concentration gradient. type of passive transport

Answer 10

facilitated diffusion

Question 11

movement of water across membrane according to concentration gradient. type of passive transport

Answer 11

osmosis

Question 12

input of energy required. against concentration gradient. uses proteins powered by ATP to pump against gradient

Answer 12

active transport

Question 13

membrane bound vesicle carrying molecules too large to pass through proteins, fuses with plasma membrane and releases contents into exterior of cell

Answer 13

exocytosis

Question 14

substance brought inot cell by pinching inward of bilayer, releasing contents into interior of cell

Answer 14

endocytosis

Question 15

speed at which body breaks down food into their parts. regulated by enzyme that catalyze rate of reactions

Answer 15

metabolism

Question 16

end in -ase and describe what theyre catalyzing. catalyze by lowering activation energy

Answer 16

enzyme

Question 17

energy required to start a metabolic reaction

Answer 17

activation energy

Question 18

chemicals that are metabolized by an enzyme catalyzed retain. enzyme places stress on chemical bonds, decreasing energy need to breack the bonds (activation energy)

Answer 18

substrate

Question 19

where the substrate binds to the enzyme. has own shape and chemistry

Answer 19

active site

Question 20

shape chane by enzyme in response to substrate binding. creates stress on substrate bonds and resume shape after reaction

Answer 20

induced fit

Question 21

result of chape and active site of enzyme. due to differing unique sequences of amino acids and their side group

Answer 21

specificity

Question 22

enzyme deficiency of lactase. lactic acid is by product of lactose being digested by bacteria in intestine

Answer 22

lactose intolerance

Question 23

measure of bodys energy use

Answer 23

metabolic rate

Question 24

resting energy of awake body. average is 70kcal/hr

Answer 24

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 25

sppeds rate at which fat breaks down, making it necessary to consume more calories than women on average

Answer 25

testosterone

Question 26

calores to consume

Answer 26

desired weight x 11 + calories burned during exercise