Ch. 12 Genetics

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

The scientific study of biological inheritance

Question 2

Fertilization

Answer 2

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form new cells

Question 3

What does it means to be a self pollinator

Answer 3

It means that sperm fertilizes eggs from within the same flower

Question 4

What is a true breeding plant

Answer 4

It is a plant that is self-pollinating. It produces offspring with traits directly identical to themselves (no genetic diversity.)

Question 5

Trait

Answer 5

A specified characteristic of an individual that varies from one individual to another.

Question 6

Cross

Answer 6

Overlapping DNA to make a new plant from two different sets of DNA

Question 7

Cross pollination

Answer 7

Preventing self-pollination by cutting away the male pollen-bearing parts of the flower. He then dusted pollen from a different plant onto the female part of the flower

Question 8

Hybrid

Answer 8

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait. Factor that is passed from parent to offspring.

Question 10

Allele

Answer 10

One of number or different forms of a gene.

Question 11

Probability

Answer 11

Likelihood that a particular event will occur.

Question 12

Gametes

Answer 12

Sex cells

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

What are organsim physically looks like. Physical characterisitics.

Question 14

Genotype

Answer 14

Genetic makeup of an organsim

Ex: 1/4 TT 1/2 Tt 1/4 tt

Question 15

Dihybrid

Answer 15

A two gene cross

Question 16

Monohybrid

Answer 16

A single gene cross

Question 17

Mendel’s principle of independent assortment

Answer 17

States that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

One allele is not completley dominant over the other. Red x white = pink

Question 19

Codominance

Answer 19

Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype i.e. spotted chicken

Question 20

Multiple alleles

Answer 20

A gene that has more than two alleles. i.e rabbits coat color four alleles

Question 21

Polygenic traits

Answer 21

A trait controlled by two or more genes. (Eye color)

Question 22

Sex linked gene

Answer 22

Gene located on a sex chromosome

Question 23

Two chromosomes for male and female

Answer 23

Male- X and Y

Female- X and X

Question 24

In a pedigree what do a circle and square represent

Answer 24

Circle-female

Square- Male