14.2 Flashcards
What are proteins made of
They are made of polypeptides which are chains made of joining amino acids
How many different amino acids are there
There are 20 different amino acids commonly found in polypeptides
What effect does the order of amino acids have on a protein
It determines the shape, chemical properties, and ultimately the function of protein
Four bases of RNA
A, C, G, and U
How many different codons are
64 possible three base codons.
What does the codon AUG code for
Methionine: Start Codon
Three stop codons
UAA, UAG, UGA
What role does the ribosome play in protein synthesis
They carry out assembly tasks. They use the sequence of codons in mRNA to assembly amino acids into polypeptide chains
Translation
The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein is a process known as translation
Describe the role of each of the following molecules
mRNA- carries the coded message that directs the process
tRNA-deliver the amino acids, enabling the ribosome to “read” the mRNA’s message to get the translation just right.
rRNA- Hold ribosomal proteins in place and carry out the chemical reactions that join the amino acids together.
Transcription
Requires RNA polymerase, RNA molecule produces by copying part of nucleotide sequence
