Cellular Respiration Flashcards
what is respiration?
the aerobic breakdown of food molecules to yield cellular energy, ATP
breathing
obtaning O2 from the environment and releasing O2
how do distinguish breathing and respiration?
cellular respiration is the term for respiration
main function of cellular respiration?
releasing energy from the bonds of the biomolecules
representative food molecule for cellular respiration
glucose
is free glucose molecules in our diet?
no- starch is
cellular respiration occurs from the aerobic breakdown from what carbs and biomolecules?
starch and sucrose; proteins and lipids
how much energy can the cell capture when it breaks down down glucose?
about 40% of glucose’s energy and convert into ATP molecules
what happens to the lost energy?
lost to environment as heat
how much of glucose’s energy is captured through anerobic environment?
~20%
where is the energy available to a cell contained?
in the chemical bonds that hold a molecule
is the energy in a bond the same all throughout?
no, some molecules store more chemical energy than others
what biomolecule stores more energy and why?
lipids - more bonds, and hydrocarbons
how does cellular respiration break down glucose?
in a series of steps and taps into the energy carried by electrons
what does cellular respiration do with electrons?
shuttles these electrons through a series of energy-releasing reactions each catalyzed by a specific enzymes
what is the amount of energy released from energy-releasing reactions carried out by electrons?
released in small amounts, not an explosive released of energy when you eat fod
what happens to the small amount of energy released?
some of this released chemical energy as cellular energy/ATP
movement of electrons from one molecule to another
oxidation-reduction
redox reaction
loss of electron
oxidation
gaining of electron
reduction
what does an electron transfer require? how does this relate to redox reactions?
require both a donner and an acceptor, so redox reactions always occur together
what do hydrogen movements represent?
electron transfers because each hydrogen atom consists of an electron and a proton
what is the ultimate electron acceptor?
O2 has a strong tendency to pull electrons away from the other atoms
important coenzyme used in to shuttle electrons in cellular respiration
NAD+