Cell Structures Flashcards
9 characteristics of all living things
G- Grow and Develop
O- Organized
S - Structure
H - Homeostasis
A - Adapt and Evolve
R - Reproduce
E - Energy
D - DNA
what is cytology?
study of cells including everything from unicellular to multicellular organisms
3 domains of the classification of organisms
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
what is the science of naming and organizing living things?
taxonomy
one level of classification pyramid? multiple layers?
taxon
taxa
what is the most specific level of classification?
species (sub-species)
acronym to remember the different levels of classifications
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levels of classification (least specific to most)
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
two distinct types of cells for every organism
prokaryote and eukaryote
what domain consists of prokaryotic cells?
Archaea and Bacteria
what type of organisms are in Eukarya domain?
eukaryotes - protists, fungi, animals, plants
what are protists?
not fungus, animal nor plant but has nucleus
what are all cells surrounded by?
selective barrier called the plasma/cell membrane
what does the plasma membrane allow for?
passage of o2, nutrients, and wastes
what is the jellylike substance inside all cells?
cytosol in which subcellular components are suspended
what is the interior of all cells called?
cytoplasm
all cells also contain DNA and ribosomes, what do ribosomes help with?
complexes that assemble primary level of a protein
what is another name for fimbriae?
attachment pili
while not present on all prokaryotes, what function do attachment pili/fimbriae serve in the prokaryotes who have them?
hold onto surfaces
starting from the inside, list the 3 layers that surround a prokaryotic cell
1) cell membrane
2) cell wall
3) capsule/slime layer
what makes up the cell walls of the Bacteria domain?
peptidoglycon
not pictured, what small circles of DNA do some prokaryotes also have?
plasmids
what is the only structure some prokaryotes use for locomotion?
flagellum
what is a common mistake student often make regarding prokaryotes?
prokaryotes DONT HAVE cilia