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Microbio > Cell Surface Structures, Inclusion, and Endospores > Flashcards

Cell Surface Structures, Inclusion, and Endospores Flashcards

1
Q

usually composed of polysaccharides (sugars); part of cell envelope; outer layer; well organized and not easily removed from cell

A

capsules

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2
Q

advantages of capsules (2):

A
  • attachment to surfaces and each others biofilms
  • protects against MANY things
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3
Q

what all do capsules protect against (4)?

A
  • desiccation
  • phagocytosis
  • viruses, detergents, toxins, and antimicrobials (antibiotics)
  • absorption of nutrients
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4
Q

drying out of an organism

A

desiccation

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5
Q

serves as an invisibility cloak; other cells don’t recognize them and leave them alone

A

capsules

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6
Q

capsules repel ______ so you have to

A

stains

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7
Q

what method do you have to use to look at bacteria with capsules?

A

negative stain

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8
Q

what kind of stain is used to stain the BACKGROUND in Negative Staining?

A

acidic stain

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9
Q

what kind of stain is used to stain the CELL in Negative Staining?

A

basic stain

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10
Q

similar to capsules except diffuse, unorganized, and are easily removed

A

slime layers

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11
Q

slime may aid in ______ for cells

A

motility

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12
Q

what kind of motility do slime layers provide aid in?

A

glide motility (like a snail)

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13
Q

protein tubes; extend beyond the cell envelope; short, thin, hairlike, proteinaceous appendages (up to 1,000 per cell); mediate attachment to surfaces; some required for motility or DNA uptake

A

fimbriae/pili

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14
Q

what type of pili is required for motility (or DNA uptake)

A

type IV pili

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15
Q

similar to fimbriae except LONGER, THICKER, and LESS numerous (1-10 per cell); also protein; required for conjugation; sent out into environment and try to attach to other cells with a plasmid; sends in DNA

A

sex pili

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16
Q

genes for formation of sex pili are found on ______

A

plasmids (“plasmid-encoded”)

17
Q

closest thing we have to sexual reproduction in bacteria

A

sex pili

18
Q

sex pili are so thin that you have to use a ______ as a mordant

A

virus

19
Q

storage of nutrients, metabolic ends products, energy, and building blocks

A

storage inclusions

20
Q

what kind of elements do inclusions store (4):

A
  • carbon
  • phosphate
  • sulfur GLOBULES
  • nitrogen
21
Q

examples of carbon substances stored in inclusions (2):

A
  • glycogen
  • poly-beta-hydrozybutyrate (PHB)
22
Q

example of phosphate substance stored in inclusions =

A

polyphosphate granules

23
Q

sulfur is stored in inclusions as ______

A

globules (usually in sulfur fixing bateria)

24
Q

example of nitrogen substance stored in inclusions =

A

cyanophyicin granules

25
Q

sulfur globules are stored in the ______, not the _______

A

periplasm, NOT cytoplasm —– means Gram-negative

26
Q

since sulfur globules are store in the periplasm, and not cytoplasm, which kind of bacteria have them?

A

Gram-negative

27
Q

other inclusions (3):

A
  • carbonate minerals
  • gas vesicles
  • magnetosomes
28
Q

other type of incusion: found in alkaline lakes; carbonite; make minerals/store minerals from environment (biomineralization); “balists” of the ship because they keep the cell stable

A

carbonate minerals

29
Q

what are carbonate minerals termed as?

A

“balists of the ship” (bc they keep it stable)

30
Q

other type of inclusion: stockpile of magnetite; live in water; magnetic; like low oxygen conditions; pulls them to the BOTTOM of the lake (type of motility)

A

magnetosomes

31
Q

other type of inclusion: in cyanobacteria; “life-jackets;” impermeable to water AND gases; rigid; cell can inflate/deflate for motility; float so they can get sunlight and perform photosynthesis

A

gas vesicles

32
Q

compex, dormant survival structures fromed by SOME bacteria (mainly gram-positive); various locations within the cell (species specific); resistant to heat, radiation, chemicals, and desiccation

A

bacterial endospores

33
Q

location of the endospore in a bacteria is _____ specific

A

species

34
Q

what are endospores resistant to (4)?

A
  • heat
  • radiation
  • chemicals
  • dessiccation (drying out)
35
Q

what type of bacteria mainly have endospores?

A

Gram-positive

36
Q

what species (specifically) of Gram-positive bacteria have endospores?

A

Bacillus + Clostridium

37
Q

endorspores are metibolically _______ — dont need nutrients or water and can live for a longggg time

A

inert

38
Q

what happens to the cells that make endospores?

A

lyses and dies

Microbio (21 decks)

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