Calcium Channel blockers Flashcards
What are the two categories of calcium channel blockers?
Dihydropyridines and nondihydropyridines
What are the short acting Dihydropyridine CCBs?
Nifedipine, clevidipine, and nimodipine
What are the intermediate acting dihydropyridine CCBs?
Nitrendipine, nicardipine, and lercanidipine
What dihydropyridine CCBs long acting are there?
Amlodipine and felodipine
What are the effects of dihydropyridines?
-any myocardial depressant activity?
Potent vasodilator
-minimal
Any side effects of dihydropyridines?
Headache, peripheral edema, flushing, reflex tachycardia, gingival hyperplasia
What’re the general indications of dihydropyridine CCBs?
Arterial HTN, angina pectoris, Raynaud phenomenon
Nicardipine and clevidipine are specific to what condition? (Pathology)
Hypertensive emergency
Nimodipine is specific to what condition? (Pathology)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
What nondihydropyridine CCB’s are benzothiazepines?
Diltiazem
What’re the effects if diltiazem?
-Any myocardial depressant activity?
Moderate vasodilator
-Moderate activity
What nondihydropyridine are phenylalkylamines?
Verapamil and gallopamil
What’re the effects of verapamil and gallopamil?
-Any myocardial depressant activity?
Moderate vasodilator
-Potent myocardial depressant
What’re the side effects of nondihydropyridine?
Reduced contractility, bradycardia, AV block, gingival hyperplasia
What side effects are specific to verapamil?
Constipation and hyperprolactinemia
What’re the indications to prescribe nondihydropyridine CCBs?
Arterial HTN, Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, angina, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
What’s verapamils other specific indication for prescription besides the main indications of nondihydropyridines?
Migraines
CCBs bind to and block ____ type calcium channel blockers resulting in _____ frequency of calcium channel opening
L type
Decreased
What’re the indications for ALL CCB’s
Arterial HTN, stable angina, vasospastic angina, and achalasia
Why aren’t short acting CCBs not indicated for monotherapy of angina?
Because they cause hypotension and secondary reflex tachycardia
nondihydropyridine CCBs should not be combined with beta blockers because why?
They can enhance the negative inotropic (force of contraction) , chronotropic (heart rate), and dromotropic (conduction) effects of beta blockers
Phenylalkylamines are contraindicated in cases of ____________ because of their negative effects on myocardial contractility
Heart failure
