Aortic Regurgitation

Question 1

Etiology:
For acute aortic regurgitation

Answer 1

Infective endocarditis, aortic dissection, chest trauma, or latrogenic complications (TAVR or balloon dilation)

Question 2

Classification of Aortic Regurgitation:
Stage A
Stage B
Stage C1 (include LVEF)
Stage C2 (include LVEF and mm)
Stage D

Answer 2

Stage A: at risk for AR
Stage B: progressive AR, mild to moderate regurgitation
Stage C1: asymptomatic Severe AR (LVEF >55%)
Stage C2: Asymptomatic severe AR (LVEF <55% or LV dilation >50mm)
Stage D: Symptomatic severe AR

Question 3

Clinical features of Acute Aortic regurgitation

Answer 3

1.Sudden, severe dyspnea
2. Rapid cardiac decompensation secondary to HF
3. pulmonary edema

Question 4

Clinical features of Chronic AR

Answer 4

Possible to be asymptomatic
- Palpitations
- symptoms of high pulse pressure (water hammer pulse, corrigan pulse, Traube sign)
- symptoms of left HF

Question 5

Upon auscultation, what can be heard in chronic AR?

Answer 5

S3 gallop
High pitched blowing decrescendo early diastolic murmur
Austin flint murmur

Question 6

Diagnostic tests of aortic regurgitation?

Answer 6

TTE
CXR

Question 7

Supportive findings in diagnostic tests of aortic regurgitation?
For TTE and CXR

Answer 7

TTE:
- Abnormal aortic valve leaflets
- Fluttering of the anterior mitral valve leaflet
- Regurgitation AR jet on Doppler flow tracing
- Dilated Aorta
CXR:
- Enlarged cardiac silhouette

Question 8

Treatment of aortic regurgitation?

Answer 8

Surgery or treatment of HF