C9.3 - Burning hydrocarbon fuels Flashcards
The lighter fractions from crude oil are very useful as what?
The lighter fractions from crude oil are very useful as fuels
The lighter fractions from crude oil are very useful as fuels.
What happens when hydrocarbons burn in plenty of air?
When hydrocarbons burn in plenty of air, they transfer lots of energy to the surroundings
When hydrocarbons burn in plenty of air, they transfer lots of energy to the surroundings
Example
For example:
Orange gas cylinders used:
1. In mobile heaters
2. For gas cookers in areas without mains
When hydrocarbons burn in plenty of air, they transfer lots of energy to the surroundings.
For example, orange gas cylinders used in mobile heaters and for gas cookers in areas without mains.
What do these orange cylinders contain?
These orange cylinders contain propane
Propane
Propane is one of the petroleum gases that come from the top of the fractionating column in oil refineries
The word equation for when propane gas burns
The word equation for when propane gas burns is:
Propane + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + Water
When hydrocarbons burn in plenty of air, they transfer lots of energy to the surroundings.
When they burn like this, what happens?
The:
1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
in the fuel are oxidised completely when they burn like this
What are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
The products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon are:
- Carbon dioxide
- Water
On a winter’s day, what can you often see?
On a winter's day, you can often see the water produced when the hydrocarbons in: 1. Petrol Or, 2. Diesel burn
On a winter’s day, why can you often see the water produced when the hydrocarbons in petrol or diesel burn?
On a winter’s day, you can often see the water produced when the hydrocarbons in:
1. Petrol
Or,
2. Diesel
burn, because the steam formed in combustion of the fuel condenses when it cools down
How can you test for the water formed in the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
To test for the water formed in the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon, you can use:
1. Blue cobalt chloride paper
Or,
2. White anhydrous copper sulfate
How can you use white anhydrous copper sulfate to test for the water formed in the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
You can use white anhydrous copper sulfate to test for the water formed in the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon, because on contact with water, the white powder turns blue
Fossil fuels
The fossil fuels are:
- Oil
- Coal
- Natural gas
What do all fossil fuels produce when they burn in plenty of air?
All fossil fuels produce:
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Water
when they burn in plenty of air
All fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide and water when they burn in plenty of air.
However, what happens when there is not enough oxygen?
When there is not enough oxygen, incomplete combustion occurs
What happens in incomplete combustion?
In incomplete combustion, instead of all the carbon in the fuel turning into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide gas is also formed
Chemical formula of carbon monoxide
The chemical formula of carbon monoxide is CO
Describe carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide is:
- A toxic gas
- Colourless
- Odourless
What do your red blood cells do with carbon monoxide?
Your red blood cells:
- Pick up carbon monoxide
- Carry it around in your blood instead of oxygen
How is compressed butane gas sold?
Compressed butane gas is sold in blue cylinders
Compressed butane gas is sold in blue cylinders.
What is it used to do?
Compressed butane gas is used to fuel camping stoves
All fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide and water when they burn in plenty of air.
When there is not enough oxygen, for example, inside what, incomplete combustion occurs?
When there is not enough oxygen, for example, inside an engine, incomplete combustion occurs
