C3.2 - Atoms into ions Flashcards
An example of mixing two substances together without either of them changing
An example of mixing two substances together without either of them changing is that you can mix:
- Sand and copper sulfate together
- Then separate them again
A compound contains 2 or more elements, which are chemically combined.
The compound formed is different from what?
The compound formed is different from the elements that it is made from
A compound contains 2 or more elements, which are chemically combined.
The compound formed is different from the elements that it is made from and you cannot get the elements back again easily.
What can you react together to form other compounds?
You can also react compounds together to form other compounds
What do the atoms of the noble gases, in group 0 of the periodic table, have?
The atoms of the noble gases, in group 0 of the periodic table, have an arrangement of electrons that make them:
- Stable
- Unreactive
What happens in ionic bonding?
In ionic bonding, the atoms involved: 1. Lose Or, 2. Gain electrons to form charged particles called ions
In ionic bonding, the atoms involved lose or gain electrons to form charged particles called ions.
The ions have the electronic structure of a noble gas.
Example
For example: If sodium (2,8,1), from group 1 in the periodic table, loses one electron, it is left with the stable electronic structure of neon (2,8)
If sodium (2,8,1), from group 1 in the periodic table, loses one electron, it is left with the stable electronic structure of neon (2,8), but what is it also left with?
If sodium (2,8,1), from group 1 in the periodic table, loses one electron, it is left with the stable electronic structure of neon (2,8), but it is also left with 1 more proton in its nucleus than there are electrons around the nucleus
If sodium (2,8,1), from group 1 in the periodic table, loses one electron, it is left with the stable electronic structure of neon (2,8), but it is also left with 1 more proton in its nucleus than there are electrons around the nucleus. What does the proton have?
The proton has a positive charge
Chlorine (2,8,7), from group 7, gains a single electron to get the stable electronic structure of argon (2,8,8).
What is there now one more of?
There is now one more electron than there are positive protons in the nucleus
What do metal atoms tend to do?
Metal atoms tend to lose electrons
What do non-metal atoms tend to do?
Non-metal atoms tend to gain electrons
When sodium reacts with chlorine, each sodium atom loses an electron and each chlorine atom gains an electron.
They both form stable ions.
What is the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged Na+ ions and Cl- ions called?
The electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged Na+ ions and Cl- ions is called ionic bonding
What does making bonds involve?
Making bonds involves atoms: 1. Giving away 2. Taking Or, 3. Sharing electrons
Making bonds involves atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons.
What is involved in making bonds?
In making bonds, only the electrons are involved
It is usually difficult to separate what?
It is usually difficult to separate the original elements of a compound out again
It is usually difficult to separate the original elements of a compound out again.
What is needed to do this?
To separate the original elements of a compound out again, a chemical reaction is needed
What is atleast made, during a chemical reaction?
During a chemical reaction, atleast 1 new substance is made
During a chemical reaction, atleast 1 new substance is made.
What can you usually measure?
During a chemical reaction, you can usually measure a change in energy
What does a compound which is formed from a metal and a non-metal consist of?
A compound which is formed from a metal and a non-metal consists of ions
What does a compound formed from non-metals consist of?
A compound formed from non-metals consists of molecules
A compound formed from non-metals consists of molecules.
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding is that each atom shares an electron with another atom
What are the properties of a compound usually?
The properties of a compound are usually totally different from the properties of the original elements
The properties of a compound are usually totally different from the properties of the original elements.
Example
For example, if iron, a lustrous magnetic metal, and sulfur, a nice yellow powder, react, the compound formed, iron sulphide:
- Is a dull grey solid lump
- Doesn’t behave anything like either iron or sulfur
An example of mixing two substances together without either of them changing is that you can mix sand and copper sulfate together and then separate them again.
What will have taken place to the sand or the copper sulfate?
No change will have taken place to the:
1. Sand
Or,
2. Copper sulfate
A compound contains 2 or more elements, which are chemically combined.
The compound formed is different from the elements that it is made from and you cannot get what easily?
The compound formed is different from the elements that it is made from and you cannot get the elements back again easily
If sodium (2,8,1), from group 1 in the periodic table, loses one electron, it is left with the stable electronic structure of neon (2,8), but it is also left with 1 more proton in its nucleus than there are electrons around the nucleus. The proton has a positive charge, so what?
The proton has a positive charge, so the sodium atom has now become a positively charged ion, with a single positive charge
Chlorine (2,8,7), from group 7, gains a single electron to get the stable electronic structure of argon (2,8,8).
There is now one more electron than there are positive protons in the nucleus, so the chlorine atom becomes what?
There is now one more electron than there are positive protons in the nucleus, so the chlorine atom becomes a negatively charged ion
Making bonds involves atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons.
In making bonds, only the electrons are involved.
What aren’t affected at all when a bond is made?
The nuclei of the atoms aren’t affected at all when a bond is made
During a chemical reaction, atleast 1 new substance is made.
During a chemical reaction, you can usually measure a change in energy, such as what?
During a chemical reaction, you can usually measure a change in energy, such as a temperature change
A compound which is formed from a metal and a non-metal consists of ions.
The metal atoms lose electrons to form what?
The metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions
A compound which is formed from a metal and a non-metal consists of ions.
The metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions and the non-metal atoms gain electrons to form what?
- The metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions
2. The non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions
A compound which is formed from a metal and a non-metal consists of ions.
The metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions and the non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions.
The opposite charges (positive and negative) of the ions mean what?
The opposite charges (positive and negative) of the ions mean that they’re strongly attracted to each other
A compound which is formed from a metal and a non-metal consists of ions.
The metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions and the non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions.
The opposite charges (positive and negative) of the ions mean that they’re strongly attracted to each other
This is what?
This is ionic bonding
