C9.1 - Hydrocarbons Flashcards
So far, where do some of the 21st century’s most important chemicals come from?
So far, some of the 21st century’s most important chemicals come from the organic carbon compounds found in crude oil
So far, some of the 21st century’s most important chemicals come from the organic carbon compounds found in crude oil.
These chemicals play a major part in what?
These chemicals play a major part in our lives
What is there massive variety of?
There is massive variety of:
1. Natural
2. Synthetic
carbon compounds
What does the massive variety of natural and synthetic carbon compounds occur due to?
The massive variety of:
1. Natural
2. Synthetic
carbon compounds occur due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds
The massive variety of natural and synthetic carbon compounds occur due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds.
What can the carbon atoms do?
The carbon atoms can bond to each other to form:
1. Chains
2. Rings
that form the ‘skeletons’ of organic molecules
What are organic compounds used as?
Organic compounds are used as fuels to:
- Run cars
- Warm homes
- Generate electricity
Why are fuels important?
Fuels are important, because they keep you:
- Warm
- On the move
Fuels are important, because they keep you warm and on the move.
So, what happens when oil prices rise?
So, when oil prices, it affects everyone
Fuels are important, because they keep you warm and on the move.
So, when oil prices, it affects everyone.
What can countries that produce crude oil do?
Countries that produce crude oil can affect the whole world economy by the price they charge for their oil
What is affected by oil prices?
The price of nearly everything you buy is affected by oil prices
The price of nearly everything you buy is affected by oil prices.
What affects how much you have to pay for them?
The cost of the fuels used to move goods to the shops affects how much you have to pay for them
Crude oil
Crude oil is a finite resource found in rocks
Crude oil was formed over millions of years from what?
Crude oil was formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny, ancient sea:
1. Animals
2. Plants
,mainly plankton, that were buried in mud
Crude oil was formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny, ancient sea animals and plants, mainly plankton, that were buried in mud.
How was crude oil formed?
Over time, layer upon layer of rock was laid down on top
Crude oil was formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny, ancient sea animals and plants, mainly plankton, that were buried in mud.
Over time, layer upon layer of rock was laid down on top, creating the conditions (high pressure and temperature, in the absence of oxygen) to make crude oil.
What is the crude oil formed?
The crude oil formed is a:
- Dark, smelly liquid
- Mixture of many different carbon compounds
The conditions to make crude oil
The conditions to make crude oil are high pressure and temperature, in the absence of oxygen
Mixture
A mixture is when some: 1. Elements Or, 2. Compounds are mixed together and intermingle, but do not react together
What does a mixture contain?
A mixture contains: 1. 2 Or, 2. More elements or compounds that are not chemically combined together
What are nearly all of the compounds in crude oil?
Nearly all of the compounds in crude oil are compounds containing only:
1. Hydrogen
2. Carbon
atoms
Nearly all of the compounds in crude oil are compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
What are these compounds called?
These compounds are called hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only:
- Hydrogen
- Carbon
What is crude oil straight from the ground?
Crude oil straight from the ground is not much use
Why is crude oil straight from the ground not much use?
Crude oil straight from the ground is not much use, because there are too many substances in it, all with different boiling points
Crude oil straight from the ground is not much use, because there are too many substances in it, all with different boiling points.
What must happen before crude oil can be used?
Before crude oil can be used, it must be separated into different substances with similar boiling points
Before crude oil can be used, it must be separated into different substances with similar boiling points.
What are these known as?
These are known as fractions
Fractions
Fractions are hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oil
Why can the mixtures of substances in crude oil be separated in the lab by distillation?
The mixtures of substances in crude oil can be separated in the lab by distillation, because the properties of substances do not change when they are mixed, as opposed to reacted
Distillation
Distillation is separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation
What does distillation do?
Distillation separates liquids with different boiling points
What are most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil?
Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are alkanes
Alkanes
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2
What does the first part of the name of each alkane tell you?
The first part of the name of each alkane tells you how many carbon atoms are in its molecules
The prefixes
The prefixes are:
- Meth
- Eth
- Prop
- But
- Pent
- Hex
- Hept
- Oct
- Non
- Dec
How do you describe alkanes?
You describe alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons
Saturated hydrocarbons describe hydrocarbons with what?
Saturated hydrocarbons describe hydrocarbons with only single bonds between its carbon atoms
You describe alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons.
What are all the carbon-carbon bonds?
All the carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds
You describe alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons.
All the carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds.
What does this mean?
This means that:
- Alkanes contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule
- No more hydrogen atoms can be added
General formula for alkanes
The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2
Crude oil was formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny, ancient sea animals and plants, mainly plankton, that were buried in mud.
Over time, layer upon layer of rock was laid down on top, creating what?
Over time, layer upon layer of rock was laid down on top, creating the conditions to make crude oil
A mixture is when some elements, or compounds are mixed together and intermingle, but do not react together, so what?
A mixture is when some: 1. Elements Or, 2. Compounds are mixed together and intermingle, but do not react together, so no new substance is made
A mixture is not a what substance?
A mixture is not a pure substance
