C1.8 - R* Electronic structures Flashcards
Shells
Shells are an area in an atom, around its nucleus, where electrons are found
What does each shell in the model of the atom that we use at GCSE level represent?
Each shell in the model of the atom that we use at GCSE level represents a different energy level
Where is the lowest energy level?
The lowest energy level is the shell that is nearest the nucleus
What do the electrons in an atom occupy?
The electrons in an atom occupy the lowest available energy level (the available shell closest to the nucleus)
The number of electrons each shell can hold
The number of electrons each shell can hold is 2, 8, 8, 8
Electronic structure
Electronic structure is a set of numbers to show the arrangement of electrons in their:
1. Shells
Or,
2. Energy levels
If you look at the elements in any 1 of the main groups of the periodic table, their atoms all will have what?
If you look at the elements in any 1 of the main groups of the periodic table, their atoms all will have the same number of electrons in their highest energy level (outer electrons)
What do the chemical properties of an element depend on?
The chemical properties of an element depend on how many electrons it has
What is the way an element reacts determined by?
The way an element reacts is determined by the number of electrons in its highest energy level (or outermost shell)
Why do elements in a particular group react in a similar way?
Elements in a particular group react in a similar way, because they all have the same number of electrons in their highest energy level (outermost shell)
What are the elements in group 0 of the periodic table called?
The elements in group 0 of the periodic table are called the noble gases
Noble gases
The noble gases are the very unreactive gases found in Group 0 of the periodic table
Electrons always what?
Electrons always occupy shells (sometimes called energy levels)
Electrons always occupy shells (sometimes called energy levels).
Which are always filled first?
The lowest energy levels are always filled first
These are the ones closest to the nucleus
Only a certain number of electrons are allowed in each shell.
How many electrons are allowed in the 1st shell?
2 electrons are allowed in the 1st shell
Only a certain number of electrons are allowed in each shell.
How many electrons are allowed in the 2nd shell?
8 electrons are allowed in the 2nd shell
Only a certain number of electrons are allowed in each shell.
How many electrons are allowed in the 3rd shell?
8 electrons are allowed in the 3rd shell
What do atoms want?
Atoms want to:
- Have full electron shells
- Be stable
Atoms want to have full electron shells and be stable, like the noble gases in group 0.
However, in most atoms, what happens?
In most atoms, the outer shell is not full
The noble gases are the very unreactive gases found in Group 0 of the periodic table.
Their atoms all have very what?
Their atoms all have very stable arrangement of electrons with 8 electrons in their outer shells
The noble gases are the very unreactive gases found in Group 0 of the periodic table.
Their atoms all have very stable arrangement of electrons with 8 electrons in their outer shells, except for what?
Their atoms all have very stable arrangement of electrons with 8 electrons in their outer shells, except for helium which has 2 electrons in its outer shell
Atoms want to have full electron shells and be stable, like what?
Atoms want to:
1. Have full electron shells
2. Be stable
,like the noble gases in group 0
Atoms want to have full electron shells and be stable, like the noble gases in group 0.
However, in most atoms, the outer shell is not full and this makes the atom want to what?
In most atoms, the outer shell is not full and this makes the atom want to react to fill it
