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GCSE Chemistry COPY > C5.4 - Salts from metals > Flashcards

C5.4 - Salts from metals Flashcards

1
Q

When can reactions between metals and acids only occur?

A

Reactions between:
1. Metals
2. Acids
can only occur when the metal is more reactive than the hydrogen in the acid

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2
Q

Reactions between metals and acids can only occur when the metal is more reactive than the hydrogen in the acid.
Example

A

For example, iron reacts with dilute acids, but silver does not

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3
Q

What do all acids contain?

A

All acids contain hydrogen

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4
Q

What happens whenever a reaction does take place between a metal and an acid?

A

Whenever a reaction does take place between:
1. A metal
2. An acid
,a salt is formed

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5
Q

Salt

A 
A salt is the general name for a compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by:
1. Metal
Or,
2. Ammonium
ions
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6
Q

Whenever a reaction does take place between a metal and an acid, a salt is formed.
So what is one way you can make salts?

A

One way you can make salts is by reacting acids directly with metals that are more reactive than hydrogen

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7
Q

Whenever a reaction does take place between a metal and an acid, a salt is formed.
1 way you can make salts is by reacting acids directly with metals that are more reactive than hydrogen.
Metal + Acid —> ?

A

Metal + Acid —> A salt + Hydrogen

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8
Q

Iron + Hydrochloric acid —> ?

A

Iron + Hydrochloric acid —> Iron(II) chloride + Hydrogen

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9
Q

Why are alkali metals never added to acid?

A

Alkali metals are never added to acid, because if the metal is very reactive, the reaction with acid is too violent to be carried out safely

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10
Q

Iron + Hydrochloric acid —> Iron(II) chloride + Hydrogen.

What can be obtained from this reaction?

A
  1. Pure
  2. Dry
    crystals of a salt, iron(II) chloride, can be obtained from the solution
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11
Q

Iron + Hydrochloric acid —> Iron(II) chloride + Hydrogen.

What happens to some of the water?

A

Some of the water is evaporated from the solution by heating it until the point of crystallisation is reached

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12
Q

Iron + Hydrochloric acid —> Iron(II) chloride + Hydrogen.
Some of the water is evaporated from the solution by heating it until the point of crystallisation is reached.
What happens at this point?

A

At this point:

  1. The solution is saturated
  2. Crystals will appear at the edge of a salt solution being heated in an evaporating dish
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13
Q

Iron + Hydrochloric acid —> Iron(II) chloride + Hydrogen.
Some of the water is evaporated from the solution by heating it until the point of crystallisation is reached.
At this point, the solution is saturated and crystals will appear at the edge of a salt solution being heated in an evaporating dish.
How can this point be tested?

A

The point of crystallisation can be tested by:

  1. Dipping a glass rod into the hot salt solution
  2. Removing it
  3. Seeing if crystals form in the solution left on the rod as it cools down
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14
Q

In order to prepare the best samples of salt crystals, after it has reached the point of crystallisation, the salt solution should then be left what?

A

In order to prepare the best samples of salt crystals, after it has reached the point of crystallisation, the salt solution should then be left at room temperature for the remaining water to evaporate slowly

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15
Q

In order to prepare the best samples of salt crystals, after it has reached the point of crystallisation, the salt solution should then be left at room temperature for the remaining water to evaporate slowly.
How can you remove any small amounts of solution left on the crystals?

A

You can remove any small amounts of solution left on the crystals by:

  1. Dabbing on filter papers
  2. Then leaving to dry
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16
Q

Whenever a reaction does take place between a metal and an acid, a salt is formed.
What does the salt you make depend on?

A

The salt you make depends on the:
1. Metal you use
As well as
2. Acid used

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17
Q

The salt you make depends on the metal you use, as well as on the acid used.
So what will magnesium metal always make?

A

Magnesium metal will always make salts containing magnesium ions

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18
Q

The salt you make depends on the metal you use, as well as on the acid used.
So magnesium metal will always make salts containing magnesium ions, Mg2+.
What will zinc metals always make?

A

Zinc metals will always make zinc salts

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19
Q

The acid used provides the what present in all salts?

A

The acid used provides the negative ions present in all salts

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20
Q

The acid used provides the negative ions present in all salts.
What are the salts formed when you react a metal with hydrochloric acid, HCl?

A

The salts formed when you react a metal with hydrochloric acid, HCl, are always chlorides

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21
Q

The acid used provides the negative ions present in all salts.
The salts formed when you react a metal with hydrochloric acid, HCl, are always chlorides (containing Cl- ions).
What does sulfuric acid, H2SO4, make?

A

Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, makes sulfates

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22
Q

Nitric acid, HNO3, always makes what?

A

Nitric acid, HNO3, always makes nitrates

23
Q

Chemical formula of hydrochloric acid

A

The chemical formula of hydrochloric acid is HCl

24
Q

Chemical formula of sulfuric acid

A

The chemical formula of sulfuric acid is H2SO4

25
Chemical formula of nitric acid
The chemical formula of nitric acid is HNO3
26
What do chlorides contain?
Chlorides contain Cl- ions
27
What do sulfates contain?
Sulfates contain SO42- ions
28
What do nitrates contain?
Nitrates contain NO3- ions
29
What is a gentler way to heat a salt solution to evaporate the water than heating the solution directly?
A gentler way to heat a salt solution to evaporate the water than heating the solution directly is heating by using a water bath
30
A gentler way to heat a salt solution to evaporate the water than heating the solution directly is heating by using a water bath. What does steam from a beaker of water heated below the dish do?
Steam from a beaker of water heated below the dish heats: 1. The dish 2. Its contents
31
A gentler way to heat a salt solution to evaporate the water than heating the solution directly is heating by using a water bath. Steam from a beaker of water heated below the dish heats the dish and its contents. What happens the slower the water evaporates from the solution?
The slower the water evaporates from the solution, the larger the crystals of the salt collected at the end of the experiment
32
What happens in the reaction between magnesium, Mg, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4?
In the reaction between magnesium. Mg, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, hydrogen ions will be displaced from solution by magnesium
33
In the reaction between magnesium. Mg, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, hydrogen ions will be displaced from solution by magnesium. Why does this happen?
In the reaction between magnesium. Mg, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, hydrogen ions will be displaced from solution by magnesium, because magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen
34
In the reaction between magnesium. Mg, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, hydrogen ions will be displaced from solution by magnesium, because magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen. Magnesium has a stronger tendency to form positive ions than hydrogen has, so what happens?
Magnesium has a stronger tendency to form positive ions than hydrogen has, so the following reaction takes place: Mg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ---> MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)
35
Mg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ---> MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g). | How can you summarise this reaction?
You can summarise this reaction as an ionic equation: | Mg (s) + 2H+ ---> Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g)
36
Mg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ---> MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g). You can summarise this reaction as an ionic equation: Mg (s) + 2H+ ---> Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g). Why are the sulfate ions in the equation, SO42- (aq), not included in the ionic equation?
The sulfate ions, SO42- (aq), are not included in the ionic equation, because they do not change in the reaction
37
Mg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ---> MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g). You can summarise this reaction as an ionic equation: Mg (s) + 2H+ ---> Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g). How can you look more closely at the ionic equation?
You can look more closely at the ionic equation by dividing it into 2 half equations
38
Mg (s) + 2H+ ---> Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g). You can look more closely at the ionic equation by dividing it into 2 half equations. What can you see?
You can see what happens to the magnesium atoms when they change into positive magnesium ions: Mg (s) ---> Mg2+ (aq) + 2e-
39
Mg (s) + 2H+ ---> Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g). | What does a magnesium atom do?
A magnesium atom loses its 2 electrons from its outer shell
40
Mg (s) + 2H+ ---> Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g). A magnesium atom loses its 2 electrons from its outer shell. What does it do with these 2 electrons?
It gives these 2 electrons to 2 hydrogen ions from the acidic solution, 2H+ (aq), forming 2 H atoms
41
Mg (s) + 2H+ ---> Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g). A magnesium atom loses its 2 electrons from its outer shell. It gives these 2 electrons to 2 hydrogen ions from the acidic solution, 2H+ (aq), forming 2 H atoms. What do these do?
These 2 H atoms bond to each other (sharing a pair of electrons in a covalent bond) to make a molecule of hydrogen gas, H2: 2H+ (aq) + 2e- ---> H2 (g)
42
Describe how the reaction between magnesium, Mg, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4 is a redox reaction
The reaction between magnesium, Mg, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4 is a redox reaction, because electrons have been transferred from magnesium atoms to hydrogen ions in the reaction
43
Why is the reaction of a metal with an acid always a redox reaction?
The reaction of a metal with an acid is always a redox reaction, because the metal atoms always donate electrons to the hydrogen ions
44
All acids contain hydrogen, which is what?
All acids contain hydrogen, which is released as hydrogen ions when the acid is dissolved in water
45
Magnesium ions
Magnesium ions are Mg2+
46
Zinc metals will always make zinc salts, containing what ions?
Zinc metals will always make zinc salts, containing Zn2+ ions
47
The acid used provides the negative ions present in all salts. The salts formed when you react a metal with hydrochloric acid, HCl, are always chlorides, containing what ions?
The salts formed when you react a metal with hydrochloric acid, HCl, are always chlorides, containing Cl- ions
48
The acid used provides the negative ions present in all salts. The salts formed when you react a metal with hydrochloric acid, HCl, are always chlorides (containing Cl- ions). Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, makes sulfates, containing what ions?
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, makes sulfates, containing SO42- ions
49
Nitric acid, HNO3, always makes nitrates, containing what ions?
Nitric acid, HNO3, always makes nitrates, containing NO3- ions
50
In the reaction between magnesium. Mg, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, hydrogen ions will be displaced from solution by magnesium, because magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen Magnesium has a stronger tendency to do what than hydrogen has?
Magnesium has a stronger tendency to form positive ions than hydrogen has
51
Mg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ---> MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g). You can summarise this reaction as an ionic equation: Mg (s) + 2H+ ---> Mg2+ (aq) + H2 (g). The sulfate ions, SO42- (aq), are not included in the ionic equation, because they do not change in the reaction. They are called what?
They are called spectator ions
52
The reaction between magnesium, Mg, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4 is a redox reaction, because electrons have been transferred from magnesium atoms to hydrogen ions in the reaction. The magnesium atoms have lost electrons, so what?
The magnesium atoms have lost electrons, so magnesium atoms have been oxidised in the reaction
53
The reaction between magnesium, Mg, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4 is a redox reaction, because electrons have been transferred from magnesium atoms to hydrogen ions in the reaction. The magnesium atoms have lost electrons, so magnesium atoms have been oxidised in the reaction. The hydrogen ions have gained electrons, so what?
The hydrogen ions have gained electrons, so hydrogen ions have been reduced in the reaction
54
The reaction of a metal with an acid is always a redox reaction, because the metal atoms always donate electrons to the hydrogen ions, doing what?
The reaction of a metal with an acid is always a redox reaction, because the metal atoms always donate electrons to the hydrogen ions: 1. Displacing hydrogen as a gas 2. Leaving the metal ions in the solution

GCSE Chemistry COPY (70 decks)

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