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GCSE Chemistry COPY > C5.6 - Making more salts > Flashcards

C5.6 - Making more salts Flashcards

1
Q

The general equation which describes a neutralisation reaction is Acid + Base —> A salt + Water.
How else can you make salts?

A

There are 2 other important reactions you can use to make salts

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2
Q

The general equation which describes a neutralisation reaction is Acid + Base —> A salt + Water.
What are the 2 other important reactions you can use to make salts?

A

The 2 other important reactions you can use to make salts are:

  1. Reacting solutions of an acid and an alkali together
  2. Reacting an acid with a carbonate
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3
Q

What happens when an acid reacts with an alkali?

A

When an acid reacts with an alkali, a neutralisation reaction takes place

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4
Q

When an acid reacts with an alkali, a neutralisation reaction takes place.
Example

A

For example, hydrochloric acid reacting with sodium hydroxide

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5
Q

When an acid reacts with an alkali, a neutralisation reaction takes place.
Acid + Alkali —>

A

Acid + Alkali —> A salt + Water

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6
Q

How can you think about neutralisation?

A

You can think about neutralisation in terms of H+ (aq) ions from the acid reacting with OH- (aq) ions from the alkali

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7
Q

You can think about neutralisation in terms of H+ (aq) ions from the acid reacting with OH- (aq) ions from the alkali.
The ions react to form what?

A

The ions react to form water molecules

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8
Q

You can think about neutralisation in terms of H+ (aq) ions from the acid reacting with OH- (aq) ions from the alkali.
The ions react to form water molecules.
How can you show this?

A

You can show this in an ionic equation:

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) —> H2O (l)

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9
Q

How can you make ammonium salts, as well as metal salts?

A 
You can make:
1. Ammonium salts
As well as
2. Metal salts
,by reacting an acid with an alkali
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10
Q

Ammonia reacts with water to form what?

A

Ammonia reacts with water to form a weakly alkaline solution

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11
Q

Ammonia solution reacts with an acid to form what?

A

Ammonia solution reacts with an acid to form:

  1. An ammonium salt
  2. Water
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12
Q

What do you need to do, when you react an acid with an alkali?

A

When you react an acid with an alkali, you need to be able to tell when the:
1. Acid
2. Alkali
have completely reacted

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13
Q

When you react an acid with an alkali, why do you need to be able to tell when the acid and alkali have completely reacted?

A

When you react an acid with an alkali, you need to be able to tell when the:
1. Acid
2. Alkali
have completely reacted
,because it is not obvious by just observing the reaction

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14
Q

When you react an acid with an alkali, you need to be able to tell when the acid and alkali have completely reacted, because it is not obvious by just observing the reaction.
Why is it not obvious by just observing the reaction?

A

It is not obvious by just observing the reaction, because there is no:

  1. Gas given off during the reaction that would stop when the acid has been neutralised
  2. Excess insoluble base visible in the reaction mixture when excess has been added
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15
Q

When you react an acid with an alkali, you need to be able to tell when the acid and alkali have completely reacted, because it is not obvious by just observing the reaction.
So what do you need to use to help decide when the reaction is complete?

A

You need to use an acid/base indicator to help decide when the reaction is complete

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16
Q

Acid + Alkali —> A salt + Water.
To collect a pure, dry sample of crystals of the salt, you would carry out the titration with the indicator added to see what?

A

To collect a pure, dry sample of crystals of the salt, you would carry out the titration with the indicator added to see how much acid reacts completely with the alkali

17
Q

What is ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, made from?

A

Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, is made from:

  1. Ammonia
  2. Nitric acid
18
Q

What is ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, used as?

A

Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, is used as a fertiliser

19
Q

What do buildings and statues made of limestone suffer badly from?

A
  1. Buildings
  2. Statues
    made of limestone suffer badly from damage by acid rain
20
Q

Buildings and statues made of limestone suffer badly from damage by acid rain.
Example

A

For example, statues where the fine features have been lost

21
Q

Where does limestone come from?

A

Limestone is quarried from the ground

22
Q

Limestone

A

Limestone is mostly calcium carbonate

23
Q

Limestone is quarried from the ground.
Limestone is mostly calcium carbonate.
What does this do?

A

This calcium carbonate reacts with acid, giving off carbon dioxide gas in the reaction

24
Q

What do metal carbonates react with acids to do?

A

Metal carbonates react with acids to give:

  1. A salt
  2. Water
  3. Carbon dioxide
25
Q

The general equation for metal carbonates reacting with acids

A

The general equation for metal carbonates reacting with acids is:
Acid + A carbonate —> A salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

26
Q

The word equation for calcium carbonate reacting with hydrochloric acid

A

The word equation for calcium carbonate reacting with hydrochloric acid is:
Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate —> Calcium chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide

27
Q

What is powdered limestone used to do?

A 
Powdered limestone is used to raise the pH of acidic:
1. Soils
Or,
2. Lakes
affected by acid rain
28
Q

The general equation which describes a neutralisation reaction is Acid + Base —> A salt + Water.
The 2 other important reactions you can use to make salts are reacting solutions of an acid and an alkali together and reacting an acid with a carbonate, usually added as what?

A

The 2 other important reactions you can use to make salts are:

  1. Reacting solutions of an acid and an alkali together
  2. Reacting an acid with a carbonate, usually added as the solid
29
Q

Ammonia solution reacts with an acid, for example what, to form an ammonium salt and water?

A

Ammonia solution reacts with an acid, for example dilute nitric acid, to form:

  1. An ammonium salt
  2. Water
30
Q

Acid + Alkali —> A salt + Water.
To collect a pure, dry sample of crystals of the salt, you would carry out the titration with the indicator added to see how much acid reacts completely with the alkali
Run that volume of acid into the solution of alkali again, but this time what?

A

Run that volume of acid into the solution of alkali again, but this time without the indicator

31
Q

Acid + Alkali —> A salt + Water.
To collect a pure, dry sample of crystals of the salt, you would carry out the titration with the indicator added to see how much acid reacts completely with the alkali
Run that volume of acid into the solution of alkali again, but this time without the indicator.
Then what?

A

Then:

  1. Crystallise
  2. Dry the crystals of salt from the reaction mixture
32
Q

Powdered limestone is used to raise the pH of acidic soils, or lakes affected by acid rain, making use of what?

A

Powdered limestone is used to raise the pH of acidic soils, or lakes affected by acid rain, making use of the reaction between:

  1. Calcium carbonate
  2. Acid

GCSE Chemistry COPY (70 decks)

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