C9 - Crude Oil and Fuels Flashcards
Hydrocarbons
Made from only Hydrogen and Carbon atoms
Crude Oil
- Made from long/short chains for Hydrocarbons
- Fossil Fuel created over a long time under the sea from dead sea creatures
- Mixture of Alkanes/Hydrocarbons
- Evaporated at different temperatures
Alkanes
- Simple Hydrocarbons, usually saturated (can’t bond with anything else)
- Single Carbon atoms (C-C)
Atomic Structure of Hydrocarbons
Carbon atoms bonded with each other and are surrounded by Hydrogen atoms
Hydrocarbon Features
- Less chains = lower boiling point/ more flammable
- Usually stored in bottles as liquids under pressure
Complete Combustion
- Hydrocarbon react with Oxygen
- Carbon and Hydrogen Oxidised, gain Oxygen, becomes CO.2 and H.2O (these are waste products)
Formula for Complete Combustion
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + (Energy)
Formula for Alkane
C.n + H.(2n+2)
Fractional Distillation
- Separates Crude Oil which is stored and heated in a long heated tube which temperature decreases when going to the top
- Huge chains of Hydrocarbon at the bottom (lots of energy required) and Small chains at the top (little energy required)
Cracking
- Splitting up long chains of hydrocarbons, also creating Alkenes
- Thermal decomposition by heating and cooling down Hydrocarbons
Crude oil uses
- Fuel for transport
- Making new compounds, for Polymers, Lubricants and detergents
Test for Alkanes
Bromine water, presence of Alkanes if water brightens
Volatile
Substance changing into a vapour
Short Alkane Chains
- Lower Melting/Boiling Point
- More flammable
- More Volatile
Alkenes
- Created during cracking, made along with shorter Alkane chain
- Double bonded (share 2 Carbon atoms) and aren’t used as fuels
- Much more harder to get than Alkanes