C9 - Crude Oil and Fuels Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Made from only Hydrogen and Carbon atoms

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2
Q

Crude Oil

A
  • Made from long/short chains for Hydrocarbons
  • Fossil Fuel created over a long time under the sea from dead sea creatures
  • Mixture of Alkanes/Hydrocarbons
  • Evaporated at different temperatures
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3
Q

Alkanes

A
  • Simple Hydrocarbons, usually saturated (can’t bond with anything else)
  • Single Carbon atoms (C-C)
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4
Q

Atomic Structure of Hydrocarbons

A

Carbon atoms bonded with each other and are surrounded by Hydrogen atoms

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5
Q

Hydrocarbon Features

A
  • Less chains = lower boiling point/ more flammable

- Usually stored in bottles as liquids under pressure

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6
Q

Complete Combustion

A
  • Hydrocarbon react with Oxygen

- Carbon and Hydrogen Oxidised, gain Oxygen, becomes CO.2 and H.2O (these are waste products)

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7
Q

Formula for Complete Combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + (Energy)

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8
Q

Formula for Alkane

A

C.n + H.(2n+2)

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9
Q

Fractional Distillation

A
  • Separates Crude Oil which is stored and heated in a long heated tube which temperature decreases when going to the top
  • Huge chains of Hydrocarbon at the bottom (lots of energy required) and Small chains at the top (little energy required)
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10
Q

Cracking

A
  • Splitting up long chains of hydrocarbons, also creating Alkenes
  • Thermal decomposition by heating and cooling down Hydrocarbons
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11
Q

Crude oil uses

A
  • Fuel for transport

- Making new compounds, for Polymers, Lubricants and detergents

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12
Q

Test for Alkanes

A

Bromine water, presence of Alkanes if water brightens

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13
Q

Volatile

A

Substance changing into a vapour

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14
Q

Short Alkane Chains

A
  • Lower Melting/Boiling Point
  • More flammable
  • More Volatile
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15
Q

Alkenes

A
  • Created during cracking, made along with shorter Alkane chain
  • Double bonded (share 2 Carbon atoms) and aren’t used as fuels
  • Much more harder to get than Alkanes
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16
Q

Incomplete Combustion

A
  • Produces Carbon Monoxide + Carbon

- Uses less Oxygen than complete Combustion

17
Q

Formula for Alkenes

A

C.n H.2n

18
Q

Homologous Series

A
  • Organic Compounds (like Alkanes) which have similar chemical properties
19
Q

Cracking Process

A
  • Long chains are heated until they become gas
  • They then react with a powdered Aluminium Oxide Catalyst
  • Splits into shorter Alkanes and a Alkene