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GCSE Science > C1 and C2 Atomic Structure and Periodic Table > Flashcards

C1 and C2 Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Atom?

A

Smallest units that create everything

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2
Q

What are the 3 sub-atomic particles in an Atom and their charge?

A

-Protons +1
-Neutrons 0
Electrons -1

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3
Q

Why are atoms nuetral?

A

Because they have the same amount of Protons and Electrons

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4
Q

What is an Ion?

A

An atom that lost/gained electrons

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5
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

Isotope is an element with same number of Protons/Electrons but different number of Nuetrons

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6
Q

What is an Element?

A

A substance that is made of 1 type of atom

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7
Q

Describe the trend in the Periodic Table?

A
  • Groups show amount of outer electrons

- Periods show amount of energy shells

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8
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more elements chemically joined together

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9
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances mixed together

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10
Q

What was the Plum Pudding Model?

A
  • It was created by J J Thomson in 1897

- Show a ball of positivity with electrons embedded in it

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11
Q

What was the Nuclear Model?

A
  • Created by Niels Bohr in 1911

- Showed Positive charged Nucleus with Electrons orbiting it at fixed positions

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12
Q

What is Group 0?

A

Noble gases with a full outer energy shell

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13
Q

How are elements grouped in the Periodic table?

Properties

A
  • Their physical and chemical properties

- Relative atomic mass

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14
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

Amount of Protons and Neutrons in the Atom

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15
Q

What is Atomic Number?

A

Amount of Protons

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16
Q

How to find Relative Atomic Mass?

A

Sum of (Isotope Abundance X x Percentage Abundance of Isotope X) + (Isotope Abundance Y x Percentage Abundance of Isotope Y) / 100

17
Q

What are the techniques to separate mixtures?

A
  • Chromatography
  • Distillation (Fractional)
  • Distillation (Simple)
  • Evaporation
  • Filtration
18
Q

Trends in Group 1 when descending?

A
  • They become more reactive

- Low melting/boiling points

19
Q

Describe the trend in Group 1 and 2 (Soft Metals)?

A
  • Elements get more reactive then going down the group
  • Metals loose electrons through bonding (positive charge)
  • Lower Melting/Boiling Points
20
Q

Describe the trend in Group 7?

A
  • Higher Melting/Boiling point as you descend down the group

- Less Reactive descending due to electron being further away from Nucleus

21
Q

Describe the trend in The Halogens?

A
  • All have a full outer energy shell

- Less reactive when descending the group

22
Q

What Ionic Bonding?

A

Bonding between a metal + non metal

23
Q

What is Covalent Bonding?

A

Bonding between a non metal + non metal

24
Q

What is Metallic Bonding?

A

Bonding between a metal + metal

25
Q

What is Activation Energy?

A

Minimum amount of energy required to cause a chemical reaction

26
Q

Advantage of Nanoparticles in Sunscreen?

A
  • Better coverage, due to being small and having a large surface area
  • More effective against the sun
27
Q

Disadvantages of Nanoparticles in Sunscreen?

A

Potential harm to the body/environment

28
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The thing that changes during a practical

29
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The thing that keep the same throughout the practical

30
Q

How WAS the Periodic Table ordered?

A
  • Chemical Properties

- Relative Atomic Mass

31
Q

How is the Periodic Table formed NOW?

A

Proton Number (Atomic Number)

32
Q

What happens when an Alkali Metal forms with Non Metals

A

Creates an Ionic Compound

33
Q

What happens Metals when they form into an ion?

A

Loose electrons, gain positive charge

34
Q

What happens to non-metals when they form into an ion

A

Gain electrons, gain negative charge

35
Q

Isotope Abundance

A

When an element has lots of Isotopes, the one on the periodic table is the most common found one

36
Q

Filteration

A

Separating something in a solvent (mixed into a solution) using filter paper

37
Q

Distillation

A
  • Solution boiled at boiling point
  • Vapours from solution occur and enter condenser
  • Then cooled down back into a liquid using a cooling jacket
  • Dissolved solids remain in the flask
  • Fractional Distillation is this… but doing it many times in a single solution
38
Q

Chromotography

A
  • Place inked colours onto a line drawn with a pencil on a chromatography paper
  • Place the paper in water and wait for ink to run up the paper
  • Pure ink would have 1 colour, mixture would have multiple colours up the line

GCSE Science (29 decks)

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