C1 and C2 Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Question 1

What is an Atom?

Answer 1

Smallest units that create everything

Question 2

What are the 3 sub-atomic particles in an Atom and their charge?

Answer 2

-Protons +1
-Neutrons 0
Electrons -1

Question 3

Why are atoms nuetral?

Answer 3

Because they have the same amount of Protons and Electrons

Question 4

What is an Ion?

Answer 4

An atom that lost/gained electrons

Question 5

What is an Isotope?

Answer 5

Isotope is an element with same number of Protons/Electrons but different number of Nuetrons

Question 6

What is an Element?

Answer 6

A substance that is made of 1 type of atom

Question 7

Describe the trend in the Periodic Table?

Answer 7

• Groups show amount of outer electrons

- Periods show amount of energy shells

Question 8

What is a compound?

Answer 8

Two or more elements chemically joined together

Question 9

What is a mixture?

Answer 9

Two or more substances mixed together

Question 10

What was the Plum Pudding Model?

Answer 10

• It was created by J J Thomson in 1897

- Show a ball of positivity with electrons embedded in it

Question 11

What was the Nuclear Model?

Answer 11

• Created by Niels Bohr in 1911

- Showed Positive charged Nucleus with Electrons orbiting it at fixed positions

Question 12

What is Group 0?

Answer 12

Noble gases with a full outer energy shell

Question 13

How are elements grouped in the Periodic table?

Properties

Answer 13

• Their physical and chemical properties

- Relative atomic mass

Question 14

What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 14

Amount of Protons and Neutrons in the Atom

Question 15

What is Atomic Number?

Answer 15

Amount of Protons

Question 16

How to find Relative Atomic Mass?

Answer 16

Sum of (Isotope Abundance X x Percentage Abundance of Isotope X) + (Isotope Abundance Y x Percentage Abundance of Isotope Y) / 100

Question 17

What are the techniques to separate mixtures?

Answer 17

• Chromatography
• Distillation (Fractional)
• Distillation (Simple)
• Evaporation
• Filtration

Question 18

Trends in Group 1 when descending?

Answer 18

• They become more reactive

- Low melting/boiling points

Question 19

Describe the trend in Group 1 and 2 (Soft Metals)?

Answer 19

• Elements get more reactive then going down the group
• Metals loose electrons through bonding (positive charge)
• Lower Melting/Boiling Points

Question 20

Describe the trend in Group 7?

Answer 20

• Higher Melting/Boiling point as you descend down the group

- Less Reactive descending due to electron being further away from Nucleus

Question 21

Describe the trend in The Halogens?

Answer 21

• All have a full outer energy shell

- Less reactive when descending the group

Question 22

What Ionic Bonding?

Answer 22

Bonding between a metal + non metal

Question 23

What is Covalent Bonding?

Answer 23

Bonding between a non metal + non metal

Question 24

What is Metallic Bonding?

Answer 24

Bonding between a metal + metal

Question 25

What is Activation Energy?

Answer 25

Minimum amount of energy required to cause a chemical reaction

Question 26

Advantage of Nanoparticles in Sunscreen?

Answer 26

- Better coverage, due to being small and having a large surface area - More effective against the sun

Question 27

Disadvantages of Nanoparticles in Sunscreen?

Answer 27

Potential harm to the body/environment

Question 28

What is an independent variable?

Answer 28

The thing that changes during a practical

Question 29

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 29

The thing that keep the same throughout the practical

Question 30

How WAS the Periodic Table ordered?

Answer 30

- Chemical Properties | - Relative Atomic Mass

Question 31

How is the Periodic Table formed NOW?

Answer 31

Proton Number (Atomic Number)

Question 32

What happens when an Alkali Metal forms with Non Metals

Answer 32

Creates an Ionic Compound

Question 33

What happens Metals when they form into an ion?

Answer 33

Loose electrons, gain positive charge

Question 34

What happens to non-metals when they form into an ion

Answer 34

Gain electrons, gain negative charge

Question 35

Isotope Abundance

Answer 35

When an element has lots of Isotopes, the one on the periodic table is the most common found one

Question 36

Filteration

Answer 36

Separating something in a solvent (mixed into a solution) using filter paper

Question 37

Distillation

Answer 37

- Solution boiled at boiling point - Vapours from solution occur and enter condenser - Then cooled down back into a liquid using a cooling jacket - Dissolved solids remain in the flask - Fractional Distillation is this... but doing it many times in a single solution

Question 38

Chromotography

Answer 38

- Place inked colours onto a line drawn with a pencil on a chromatography paper - Place the paper in water and wait for ink to run up the paper - Pure ink would have 1 colour, mixture would have multiple colours up the line