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GCSE Science > C11 and C12 - Earth's Atmosphere/Resouces > Flashcards

C11 and C12 - Earth's Atmosphere/Resouces Flashcards

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1
Q

Gases in Current Earth’s Atmosphere

A

Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Other (CO.2/Water Vapour/Argon) - 1%

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2
Q

Early Earth’s Atmosphere

A
  • Mainly Carbon Dioxide due to Volcanic Activity with a bit of Nitrogen and Oxygen
  • Its state is similiar to Venus/Mars now
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3
Q

Nitrogen

A
  • Main Gas in atmosphere, due to Carbon Dioxide absorbed into Weak Acids when Water Vapour condensed into Oceans
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4
Q

Oxygen

A
  • Not much Oxygen was needed until Photosynthesising Organisms (Algae) occured in the Oceans, giving out Oxygen and taking in Carbon Dioxide
  • Oxygen increased as Plants evolved
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5
Q

Fossil Fuels

A
  • Formed over million years and are non-renewable, some Carbon Dioxide (used in Photosynthesis) is used to create them
  • Contains some Sulfer
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6
Q

Coal

A
  • Made from Trees in Wetlands (as they dont decompose) due to lack of Oxygen or Acidic Conditions
  • Compressed with Sediment Rock, high temperature and pressure creates Coal
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7
Q

Crude Oil

A
  • Made from dead Planktons that don’t decompose due to no Oxygen on the Sea bed
  • Compressed by Sediment, heat and pressure creating Oil
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8
Q

Green House Effect

A

Process where Gas in Earth’s atmosphere traps heat from the sun to keep civilization warm/alive

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9
Q

Climate Change

A
  • Amount of Carbon Dioxide increasing in atmosphere
  • Burning Fossil Fuels, releasing Carbon Dioxide
  • Deforestation, less trees means less Carbon Dioxide taken in
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10
Q

Climate Change Effects

A
  • Increasing Temperature could lead to melting of Glaciers increasing sea levels leading to more flooding
  • More frequent Extreme Weather: Flash Floods, Storms
  • May kill out an entire species
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11
Q

Green House Gases

A

Cardon Dioxide - Burning Fossil Fuels

Methane - Agriculture, Cattle

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12
Q

Carbon Footprint

A

How much Green House Gases something emits over its duration

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13
Q

Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions

A
  • Insulating our homes more
  • Use less heating/electricity which uses Fossil Fuels
  • Use public transport/walk instead of using cars
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14
Q

Renewable Energy

A
  • Doesn’t get finished up and is more eco-friendly

- Much more expensive, may be less efficient that Fossil Fuels

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15
Q

Reducing Methan Emissions

A
  • Eat less dairy/meat products

- Landfills can be burnt to trap Methane to produce Electricity

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16
Q

How energy is created

A
  • When Fuel is combusted (burned)

- Coal and Hydrocarbon are Fuels, when burnt they react to Oxygen and are Oxidised

17
Q

Products of Combustion

A
  • Water Vapour
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Carbon Monoxide
18
Q

Sulfer

A
  • Some found in every Fossil Fuel
  • When burnt it becomes Sulfer Dioxide
  • Can be removed from Fossil Fuels before Combustion
19
Q

Soot (Particulates)

A

Particles of Carbon and unburned Hydrocarbons which can harm health, cause Global Dimming (Cooling down the Earth but not letting sunlight through)

20
Q

Human Uses of Resources

A
  • Agriculture/Food
  • Transport
  • Shelter
21
Q

Finite Resources

A
  • Resources that are being used quicker than being made e.g. Fossil Fuels, Metal
22
Q

Renewable Resources

A
  • Resources that can be produced quicker than being made e.g. Wood
23
Q

Sustainability

A
  • Keeping the world healthy enough for the next generation
24
Q

Synthetic Resources

A
  • Can help us use less Natural Resources/allow us to create more efficiently
  • E.g. Rubber from Crude Oil, Artificial Fertilisers to make more Yield, Filters out Water
25
Q

Potable Water

A
  • Water that has minimal Bacteria and Sodium in it, drinking Water
  • Rain Water makes up for most of our Potable Water, due to it having low amounts of substances
26
Q

Sources of Fresh/Rain Water

A

Aquifers, Lakes, Resevoirs

27
Q

Production of Potable Water

A
  • Get Fresh Water from a source and pass it through Filter Beds at a factory to remove particles
  • Chlorine/Ozone/Ultraviolet Light is then used to Sterilise the water to kill Microbes
28
Q

Desalination

A

Reduce levels of minerals to safely drink water by Distillation, Reverse Osmosis (Very Expensive)

GCSE Science (29 decks)

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