C3 - Structure and Bonding Flashcards
Solids
- Strong forces, particles compact
- Fixed Positions
Liquids
- Weaker forces
- Can move past each other, indefinite shape
Gases
- Very weak forces
- Particles spread out, moving in random directions
State Symbols
- Solid (s)
- Liquids (l)
- Gases (g)
- Aqueous, dissolved in water (aq)
Ions
-Charged particles, electrons transferred
Metal Ions
-G1/2 elements loose electrons (positive ions, +1 charge)
Non Metal Ions
-G6/7 elements gain electrons (negative ions, -1 charge)
Ionic Bonding
-Transfer of Electrons between Metal and Non Metal
Metallic Bonding
-Transfer of Electrons between Metal and Metal
Covalent Bonding
-Transfer of Electrons between Non Metal and Non Metal
Ionic Compound Properties
- Strong Bonds (high melting/boiling points)
- Cant conduct electricity when solid, can when liquid (electrons move freely)
- Giant Ionic Lattice Structure
Polymer
- Long chains of repeating units
- Atoms in Polymers joined by a Covalent Bond
Giant Covalent Structures
- Atoms bonded by strong forces, high melting/boiling points
- No charged particles, don’t conduct electricity
- Examples: Diamond, Graphite, Silicon Dioxide
Diamond
- Carbon Atoms bonded to 4 other Carbon Atoms
- No free electrons/ions
Graphite
- Carbon Atoms bonded to 3 other Carbon Atoms
- Arranged in sheets
- Electrons delocalised, conducting electricity
Graphene
-A layer of Graphite
Fullrenes
- Form Spheres and Tubes
- Usually ranged in a Pentagon shape
- Large Surface Area, great Catalyst, great Lubricant
Metal Properties
- Solid at room temperature
- Good conductors of heat/electricity
- Malleable
Alloys
-Metals made through metallic bonding
Allotropes
-Different structural forms of the same element in same physical state
