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Pathology C topics > [C] 1.56 Inflammation in organs without blood vessels. The inflammation-organism relationship > Flashcards

[C] 1.56 Inflammation in organs without blood vessels. The inflammation-organism relationship Flashcards

1
Q

Give the organs without blood vessels

A
  • Heart valves
  • Cartilage
  • Cornea
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2
Q

Summarise inflammation in organs without blood vessels

A
  • No real circulatory response
  • Only regressive changes
  • Reflex action of the surrouding tissue
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3
Q

Inflammation of the cornea

A
  • From the neighbouring conjunctiva
    • Circulatory response
      • Plasma flows into tissue space
    • Exudative & infiltrative processes
      • Neutrophils migrate to cornea
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4
Q

Persistent stimulus of the cornea leads to…

A

Vascularisation → Opacity of the cornea → Pannus

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5
Q

Pannus

A

Progressive change

  • Blood vessels and scar tissue invade the cornea
  • Normally: Cornea is Avascular
  • Chronic inflammation/hypoxia → Corneal vascularisation
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6
Q

Chronic superficial keratitis (Pannus) is seen most commonly in…

A

German Shepards

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7
Q

Inflammation of cartilage: Types

A
  • Chondritis
  • Monochodritis
  • Polychondritis
  • Feline auricular chondritis
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8
Q

Felin auricular chondritis

A

Pinna:

  • Marked multifocal, chronic lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic chondritis
  • Dermatitis with degeneration splitting
  • Necrosis of auricular cartilage
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9
Q

Auricular chondritis is seen in which species

A
  • Rats & mice
  • Cats & dogs
  • Horse
  • (Cattle)
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10
Q

Why is auricular chondritis classed as ‘Immune-mediated’?

A
  • Similarities to rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus
  • Favourable response to immunomodulatory therapy
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11
Q

Auricular chondritis: Clinical signs

A
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Erythema
  • Deformation of the pinnae
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12
Q

Auricular chondritis: Histological lesions

A
  • Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates
  • Loss/necrosis of cartilage
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13
Q

Inflammation of valves: Overview

A
  • Neutrophil migration is missing
  • Proliferative processes
  • Vascularisation from the neighbouring tissues
    • Blood vessels from heart muscle
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14
Q

Endocarditis

A
  • Mostly bacterial
  • Valvular - Parietal endocarditis
  • Acute / chronic
  • Mitral > Aortic > Tricuspid > Pulmonary
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15
Q

Endocarditis: Bacterial causes

A
  • E. rhusiopathiae
  • Streptococci
  • Staphylococci
  • Klebsiella
  • Trueperella pyogenes
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16
Q

Consequences of endocarditis

A
  • Acute/chronic cardiac failure
  • Septic thromboembolism
17
Q

The inflammation-organism relationship

A
  • Beneficial/harmful effects of inflammation
  • The outcome of the acute inflammation
  • 4 pillars of inflammation
18
Q

“Inflammation is not an independent, isolated process”

A
  • Develops in circumscribed parts of the body
    • In an organ/part of organ
  • In regional lymph nodes
  • Distant effect in the body
    • Fever, lack of appetite, depression
19
Q

Clinical signs of inflammation

A

In regional lymph nodes always similar lesions to the primary process

  • Circulatory disturbance
  • Excudation (serum leakage)
  • Infiltration (Detached granulocytes, lymphocytes)
  • Proliferative process (proliferation of reticular cells)
  • Alterative process (necrosis)
20
Q

Pathological effect of inflammation on: CNS

A

Coordination affected

21
Q

Pathological effect of inflammation on: Endocrine system

A

Mineralocorticoids & Gluclocorticoids affected

22
Q

Pathological effect of inflammation on: Immunological state

A

Allergic reaction

23
Q

General conditions and inflammation: Hormonal factors

A

Inhibitory/stimulatory

  • Adenohypophysis: ACTH
  • Cortex of adrenal gland: Glucocorticoids - PLA2 inhibitors
  • Adenohypophysis: GH - Increases cell proliferation
  • Cortex of adrenal gland: Mineralocorticoids
24
Q

PLA2 inhibitors decrease…

A
  • Cell permeability
  • Exudation
  • Fibroblast proliferation
  • Tissue antigen-antibody reaction
  • Migration of granulocytes
25
Q

Effects of the antigens

A
  • Normergia
  • Hyperergia
26
Q

Normergia

A

The organism did not meet the antigen yet

27
Q

Hyperergia

A

The organism has already met the antigen

  • Sudden severe inflammatory reaction
    • Severe hyperaemia, exudation, fibrinoid degeneration
    • Eosinophil cellular infiltration, proliferative processes
  • Immunity (antibodies)

Pathology C topics (24 decks)

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