61. Traumas and their consequences

Question 1

Trauma + the forms

Answer 1

Trauma relates to a physical injury caused by a mechanical impact on the body.

Forms of the lesions
– open wound (vulnus)
– covered lesion

Question 2

Causes of trauma

Answer 2

1. Force, high sudden pressure
2. Tension (stretching)
3. Torsion
4. Penetration into tissues
5. Explosion
6. Ultrasound

Question 3

Consequences of trauma are dependent on…

Answer 3

• Causing agent
• Strength of conjunction
• Types of organ or tissue
  
  • Soft tissues
  • Bones, head

Question 4

Forms:
open wound (vulnus), surface of the body

Answer 4

Skin is broken, exposure of underlying tissues

1. Abrasion
2. Contusion
3. Laceration
4. Incision/cut
5. puncture
6. Bite
7. gunshot
8. Surgical wound

Question 5

Forms:
wound (vulnus) innside the body (covered)

Answer 5

Skin intact, damage occurs beneath the surface

1. Bleeding
2. Split
3. Perforation
4. Trituration
5. Compression

Question 6

Consequences :
Local effects of trauma

Answer 6

• Cell and tissue damage
• Vital reaction
• Portal of entry!

Question 7

Consequences :
General effects of trauma

Answer 7

• local infection (tetanus, gas gangrene)
• Blood loss
• Functional disturbances (fracture/luxations)
• Embolism (fat/bone marrow)
• Traumatic shock

Question 8

Lesion types in the tissue

Answer 8

• Microscopical
  
  • Fibrillary ruptures
• Macroscopical
  
  • Ruptures
  • Fractures
  • Luxation
  • Fissure
  • Concussion

Question 9

Which animals are more susceptible to:

• Fracture
• Rupture
• Luxation

Answer 9

• Sick animals
• Bad conditions
• Dietical problems

Question 10

Fracture

Answer 10

Open fracture (fractura aperta)
- Broken bone penetrates skin

Covered fracture (fractura optecta)
- Broken bone does not protrude through the skin

Traumatic fracture
- Normal bone broken by excessive force

Pathologic fracture
Abnormal bone broken by minimal trauma

Infraction
- Small linear crack inside the bone