57. Objective, task and investigation methods of pathology + internal condition of disease Flashcards
The study of pathology is defined as…
study of functional and morphological changes in the body during disease
Pathologia (pathology) describe
Pathos = suffering
logos. = science
Sciences consisting of the study:
Science of:
- Disease (nosologia)
- Defects (defectus)
- Malformations (vitium)
List the different pathology
- Diagnostic pathology
- Forensic pathology
- Surgical pathology
- Experimental pathology
- Comparative pathology
Diagnostic pathology
Autopsy, can be performed to determine the cause of death or to explane decreased production
Forensic pathology
purpose of an autopsy is to
determine the nature of death from a legal perspective
Surgical pathology
Facilitates diagnosis, prognosis and basis for therapy of a living animals
Experimental pathology
Integrates morphologic changes with clinical, functional and biochemical parameters to provide an understanding of the mechanisms underlying diseases.
Comparative pathology
Compares human and animal pathologies
List the methods to recognise/investigate disease
- Autopsy
- Histopathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Electron Microscopic investigations
- Toxicological, parasitological, bacteriological, virological investigations
- Molecular biological investigations
Autopsy
sectio cadaveris
- Dissection of the carcass
- Use of sensory organs (vision, smell, palpation, hearing)
- Collect visible changes
- Photodocumentation
Pathognomic changes
Changes in the body which may be/lead to the cause of death
E.g heart infarction, pyonephrosis, gastric torsion
Histopathology
Investigation using a light microscope with (FFPE) tissues
- Hematoxylin and eosin staining
- Special staining methods
Immunohistochemistry techniques
- In situ hybridisation
- Immunofluorescence
- Immunoperoxidase
Molecular biological investigation techniques
- PCR
- Sequence determination
- Next generation sequences
Individual and herd diagnosis purpose
Infections, parasitoses, toxicoses
- Epidemic prevention
- Mass infections
Define pathogenesis
How the disease procedes
comparative pathology
Pathogenesis of a single disease in different species
Zoonotic incidences
- Tuberculosis
- Anthrax
- Foot and mouth
- Erysipelas
Internal Conditions of Disease
Sickness occurs when an organism is vulnerable to a disease or when a pathogen overcomes the body’s defenses. This vulnerability, or susceptibility, is influenced by two main factors:
- Genetic Factors ( hereditary, congenital)
- Acquired Factors
predisposing factors
- gender, age, breed
Somatotypes:
Normosom → Athletic
Leptosome → Prone to emaciation
Pycnic → Prone to obesity
Pathological Types:
Asthenic → Chronic fatigue
Hypoplastic → Underdeveloped
Lymphatic → Excess lymphoid tissue
