[C] 1.49 Accomodation (hypertrophy, hyperplasia, transformatio) Flashcards
1
Q
Accommodation: Overview
A
Counteraction of the harmful effects
- When tissue loss is too big
- Healing method was organisation/heteromorphosis
2
Q
Accommodation: types
A
- Hypertrophy
- Transformation
3
Q
Hypertrophy
A
- Increase in size → Increase in activity
- Without significant structural changes
- Hypertrophia in sensu strictori (simple enlargement)
- Hypertrophia numerica (hyperplasia) - Cell multiplication
- Differentiation between hypertrophy & hyperplasia is almost impossible
4
Q
Hypertrophy: Preconditions
A
- Increased output only in healthy organs
- Requires good nutrient & oxygen supply
- Good innervation & general state
- Tissue type (Muscle, certain glandular organs)
- Manifestation
5
Q
Hypertrophy preconditions: Manifestation
A
- Enlarged organs (normal shape)
- Thickening of the wall (in hollow organs)
- Simple hypertrophy
- Dilation of the lumen
6
Q
Types of hypertrophy
A
- Physiological
- Pathological
7
Q
Physiological hypertrophy: Examples
A
- Uterus during pregnancy
- Mammary gland during lactation
- Skeletal & heart muscle during training
8
Q
Pathological hypertrophy: Examples
A
- Increased work load
- Compensatory (vicarious)
- Correlation type
9
Q
Hypertrophy due to increased work load
A
- Valve defects in the heart
- Narrowed orifices
- Heart
- Urinary bladder (prostate enlarged)
- Intestines (Scar/innervation problem)
- Oesophagus (cardiac sphincter spasm)
- Bonchi (verminous bronchitis)
10
Q
Compensatory hypertrophy
A
In paired organs, one replaces the other’s lost function
- Kidney - Glomerulus enlarge, tubules proliferate
- Testes
- Adrenal gland
- Liver - Partial hypertrophy, partial hyperplasia
11
Q
Correlation type hypertrophy
A
- Enlargement & hyperfunction of endocrine glands
- Metabolic disorder stimulates
- Hypocalcaemia/Phosphate retention causes hypertrophy in the parathyroid gland
- The activity of the synergistic gland
- Missing inhibiting effect of the antagonistic gland
- Metabolic disorder stimulates
- Leads to hormonal dysfunction
12
Q
Endocrine-origin hypertrophy/hyperplasia
A
- Functional tumour of the pituitary gland
- Secretes ACTH
- ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesise and release steroids
13
Q
Pseudohypertrophy
A
Enlargement but not increased function
- Muscle
- Liver
- Skin & mucous membrane
- Wound healing
- Teeth
- Hormonal dysfunction
14
Q
Pseudohypertrophy: Muscle
A
Psedohypertrophia lipomatosa musculorum
- Enlargement of muscles in case of muscular atrophy
- Replacement by fat tissue
15
Q
Pseudohypertrophy: Liver
A
Connective tissue proliferation in chronic inflammation
