Brannigans Building Construction CH.9 heavy timber and mill construction Flashcards
These types of homes utilize exposed large dimension, hand hewn structural members connected with mortise and Tenon joints; exterior walls featured exposed wood members with brick or plaster filling gaps between them
Half Timber homes
Type of construction that use basic elements of structural framework of half Timber Construction
Post and beam Construction
The exterior wooden walls of such structures were particularly vulnerable to a fire; factories that emerged during the Industrial Revolution
Mills
Construction of mills shifted to masonry exterior walls during first half of 1800’s known as
mill Construction
In mill construction, exterior load-bearing and non load-bearing walls are
Solid Masonry, usually break or stone such as granite or sandstone
in mill Construction, columns and beams Arif heavy Timber with cast iron connectors used to cover
Joint where fire my obtain a hold; chamfered column has beveled corners for same reason
in mill Construction, floors are constructed of
Thick groove, splined, or laminated planks
in mill Construction, roofs of thick splined or laminated planks are supported by
Beams or Timber arches and trusses
in mill Construction, opening between floors are in close by adequate
Fire barriers
in mill Construction, end of girders are fire cut to
Release in event of collapse without bringing wall down
For fire cut girders what is built into the wall to receive the end of the girder
Cast iron box
in mill construction, sometimes the beans are set on a
Corbelled brickshelf
Drains in the wall
Scuppers
in mill Construction, combination of what is provided to reduce water damage on Lower floors
Waterproof floors and scuppers
in mill construction what is eliminated
Concealed spaces; finish is open without voids
Type of mill structure that had a set of windows in the vertical portion of each tooth
Sawtooth mill structures (1900’s)
The most important thing to have in a mill is what
Automatic sprinkler system with water flow alarm and an alarm connection to Fire Department
in Mill Construction, special hazards should be located in
Detached buildings
Fires in properly built and maintained buildings of what can be brought under control before the building is involved in the fire
Heavy Timber buildings
Slow burning characteristic is an advantage only as long as the fire department can maintain
Interior offensive operations
A fully involved multi-story heavy Timber building is a conflagration breeder for a variety of reasons
-Tremendous amount of radiant heat
-numerous large fire Brands carried by tremendous updraft of Fire
-large collapse zones
-lack of sprinklers and most churches and synagogues
-improper fire doors and lack of compartmentation
-sealed up Windows in old mills
What has been observed that often remains intact in multi-story heavy Timber buildings after a fire and can potentially be an area Refugee for evacuating firefighters even if the rest of the building collapses
Stair shafts
In what type of fire would you need a large water supply, numerous heavy-caliber streams, large collapse zone, an extensive brand Patrol downwind, and look to prevent a conflagration
Uncontrolled fire in heavy Timber building
What is used to attach Timbers to other members and can provide a path for heat to reach the interior of the building
Long bolts and nuts
Long solid Timbers are hard to obtain so you should be careful for repairs consisting of
Spliced Timbers with overlapping joints and metal connectors
The only fire protection measure that can reasonably be expected to prevent a disaster and a heavy Timber building
Full fire sprinkler protection adequately maintained
In newly renovated heavy Timber buildings, particularly in the case of residential units in office spaces in mills, the creation of what is common despite the fact that current building codes do not allow it
Creation of ceilings with concealed spaces (enclosures)
Most common modern heavy temperature cheese substitute solid Timbers with what
Glued laminated Timbers (glulam)
What type of construction has been classified as type 4 construction
Heavy Timber
These buildings were constructed of non-combustible exterior load-bearing walls and wood structural members of specified sizes
Heavy Timber Construction
Like buildings of ordinary Construction, heavy Timber structures have used
Masonry load-bearing walls and wood structural members
By definition buildings of heavy Timber construction have what a structural elements
Massive Timbers
In a heavy Timber structure, the minimum Dimensions required by code for floor beams are
6x10 in.
Typically incorporates 2x4, 2x6, or 2x8 ft pieces of softwood (pine) laminated (glued) together under pressure and stacked layers with each layer laid perpendicular to the adjacent layers
Cross-laminated Timber (CLT)
The numbers of layers for CLT can vary from what; usually an odd number for purpose of structural stability
3-7
These panels can range from 2x10 ft wide and as much as 60ft long
CLT panel
In 2015, International building code allowed to use of CLT as a component of rated exterior walls, provided the exterior surface of the CLT is covered in what
Non-combustible material, gypsum board, or fire retardant treated wood sheathing
New category of heavy Timber construction that allows a maximum of 18 stories, provided Mass Timber Wood is covered with gypsum board
type 4-A
New category of heavy Timber construction that allows a maximum of 12 stories, with limited areas of mass Timber walls and ceilings left exposed
type 4-B
New category of heavy Timber Construction that allows a maximum of 9 Stories with all of the mass Timber exposed (Timber having been subjected to a 2-hour fire resistance test)
type 4-C
The traditional form of heavy Timber construction would not be designated as
TYPE 4-HT
Uses the same concept of manufacturing for typical plywood using thin fiber wood veneers that are placed on top of one another; resins (glue) are applied to the veneer layers and they are passed through both cold and heat presses to create the panel
Mass plywood panels (MPP)
(can be as large as 12 ft wide, 48 ft long, and 24 thick)
Hydrants with 2-1/2 in outlets and no pumper connection; can be seen an old mills
Yard hydrant
Although a sprinkler system may be turned off, you should attempt to do what only if there’s fire confined to a limited area of the building and it is safe to do so
Feed the system through the fire department connection if system is still intact
Yard hydrant would never intended to supply Pumpers, they should not be used unless it is clear that doing so will not
Steal water from sprinkler system
Structural collapse will be determined by failure of the weakest component this is particularly true of
Timber trusses
for fire in old mill of heavy Timber Construction, the initial pump pressure required to support a sprinkler system should be
100 psi
For confirmed fire with fused sprinklers in old mill building of heavy timber construction, the maximum pump pressure to support a sprinkler system should be
150 psi
If the fire flow capability of available resources exceeds the required fire flow for the building what type of attack can be initiated
Offensive attack
If the fire flow requirements exceeds the fire flow capability of available resources what type of operation is required
Defensive operation
If you cannot deliver the required gallons per minute to extinguish the fire you have to go
Defensive
In heavy Timber Construction, ceilings Place directly on their beams create what
Dangerous concealed spaces for fire spread
