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CGFD > Brannigans Building Construction CH.8 Wood Frame Construction (PT.2) > Flashcards

Brannigans Building Construction CH.8 Wood Frame Construction (PT.2) Flashcards

1
Q

Legacy construction sawn beam has been replaced by

A

I beam (composite wood joist)

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2
Q

Composite wood joist

A

I beam

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3
Q

New I beams use what instead of plywood webs

A

OSB for web; 2x4 for upper lower flanges

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4
Q

Present-day high beams are glued together using what and are manufactures in lengths up to 60 ft

A

using phenol and Resorcinol formaldehydes

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5
Q

The gradually sagging of Sawn beams due to the loss of exterior wood often gives warning us

A

Impending collapse

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6
Q

Any Fire gets a grip on both sides of the I beams at the same time guarantees

A

Early failure

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7
Q

often cut off ends of I beams are used as

A

Fire stopping

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8
Q

Recent test of wooden I beams have shown failure in just over how many minutes in a simulated basement fire at Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

A

6 minutes

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9
Q

T or F: even if their isn’t direct flame impingement on the beams, convection heat is sufficient to destroy the joist webs and compromise their points of support

A

true

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10
Q

Can be considered the most dangerous of all structure members to Firefighters today; they feel incredibly fast often soon after the arrival of firefighters on scene

A

wooden I joist and lightweight wood trusses

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11
Q

The US Forest Products laboratory developed

A

Truss framed Construction

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12
Q

Type of construction in which truss roof and perhaps truss floors are substituted for sawn beams; held together by nails

A

Truss framed Construction

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13
Q

In a truss frame construction the studs are an integral part of both what

A

Roof and floor trusses; tied into unitized frame

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14
Q

In truss frame Construction unsupported spans and Trussed structures are subject to Total collapse and the loss of a stud due to fire could precipitate

A

Collapse of the integral roof or floor Truss

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15
Q

Plane structural components; to firefighters disposable buildings

A

Truss frame structures

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16
Q

In truss frame Construction what must provide adequate support to hold every trust in its design position and to resist lateral forces

A

Permanent bracing

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17
Q

One of the major problems of combustible construction is

A

Fire spread through hidden voids

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18
Q

These limit spread of Fire by preventing movement of flame hot gases and smoke to other areas of the buildings

A

Firestopping and draftstopping

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19
Q

Typically limit vertical movement through relatively small concealed passages such as under stairs and inside walls

A

Fire stops

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20
Q

Consist of at least 2 in. nominal lumber, 2 thickness of 1in. nominal lumber with broken up lap joints, or 23/32 in. plywood or other approved materials

A

Fire stopping material

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21
Q

Limit horizontal movement through large concealed passages such as open web floor trusses for attics

A

Draft stops

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22
Q

May consist of at least one and a half in. gypsum board, 3/8in. Plywood, sheet metal, or other approved materials, usually applied parallel to the main framing members

A

Draftstopping materials

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23
Q

To have a chance at stopping a fire in an attic what must be properly installed and maintained

A

Draft stopping

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24
Q

Proper what allows you to get ahead of the fire by opening up ceilings adjacent to the involved area and surrounding the fire

A

draftstopping

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25
Q

Two types of fire stopping

A

Inherent and legal fire stopping

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26
Q

Type of fire stopping that comes as a result of the normal building construction

A

Inherent fire stopping

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27
Q

In the case of wood platform frame Construction, the sole plate at the base of each floors exterior wall and the top plates at the top of each floors wall provides

A

Inherent fire stopping

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28
Q

Type of fire stopping that is installed only to meet the requirements of a code; May provide barrier to the spread of fire in the interior void of the building; often ineffective

A

Legal fire stopping

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29
Q

Lack of what in one stud Channel is sufficient to transmit fire all the way from the seller to the Attic

A

Lack of fire stopping

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30
Q

The space formed by the sides of two studs and the exterior and interior walls

A

Stud Channel

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31
Q

In older houses, both the exterior sheathing and the lathing on the interior walls are made of wood so all four sides of the chimney like stud channels are

A

Combustible

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32
Q

If the temperature rises and the volume Remains the Same, the pressure Rises; leaving and inconsequential opening and the fire stopping well in effect create a

A

Nozzle

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33
Q

Wood fire stopping is often made from the cutoff ends of

A

joists

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34
Q

Recent fire stopping or draftstopping practices consists of a sheet of gypsum board buttered into place or a piece of thin plywood or flack board poorly fitted these techniques are

A

Ineffective

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35
Q

This is often removed or penetrated once installed for the installation of such items as heat ducts, electrical cables, sprinkler systems, and central vacuum cleaner systems

A

Fire stopping

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36
Q

Installed for the purpose to stop a gas under pressure and limit the spread of Fire

A

Draft stopping or fire stopping

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37
Q

In multiple-unit dwellings recommended location for firestopping it’s along

A

Tenant separation so that the entire floor ceiling area above and/or below unit on fire is a collapse area

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38
Q

T or F: even if draftstopping installed around the perimeter of effective space is successful this will not prevent the collapse of the affected area

A

true; atleast 500 ft^2 in single family residential and 1000ft^2 in other buildings

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39
Q

Attempts to protect wood by encasing it in cement like products were found to be dangerous because

A

Wood, not being exposed to the air, tends to decay

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40
Q

T or F: wood cannot be made fireproof or non-combustible; it can be made fire retardant by impregnation with mineral salts which slows its rate of burning

A

True

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41
Q

Accomplished by placing wood in a vacuum chamber drawing out moisture from its cells and forcing mineral salts into the wood

A

Impregnation of wood

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42
Q

Some codes except the use of impregnated wood in

A

non-combustibles places

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43
Q

Impregnated wood with mineral salts do not penetrate deeply and the removal of surface wood may

A

Destroy fire retardant treatment

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44
Q

Pressure treatment can significantly reduce Woods

A

Flame spread

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45
Q

Often is called fire retardant treated (FRT) wood

A

Treated lumber

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46
Q

Plywood treated with certain chemicals decays from Heat and is subject to

A

Failure if walked on

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47
Q

In an attempt to provide a barrier to the spread of fire over an unparapeted firewall, some jurisdictions require

A

Sheet of gypsum board to be attached to the underside of the roof on each side of the firewall

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48
Q

Fire hazard or flame spread of wood can also be reduced by the application of

A

Intumescent Coatings that swell up when heated

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49
Q

One of the major problems with surface coating is a tendency for it to be

A

Spread thinner than its recommended thickness; needs to be reapplied as certain intervals to retain its proper function

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50
Q

Woods that resist insects and moisture (pressure-treated) have been used for basement walls; are combustible and might cause a collapse fumes from such pressure treated wood are toxic

A

Plywood & Lumber treated

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51
Q

Sliced wood into thin layers, layers placed at right angles to one another and entire mask glued together create what; equally strong in all directions

A

Plywood

52
Q

A basic problem of plywood exposed to fire is that it eliminates which increases what

A

Surface area and rate of heat release

53
Q

T or F: plywood can be impregnated to render it fire retardant

A

True

54
Q

Type of construction in which plywood provides some of the structural strength of the building particularly and providing resistance to Shear stresses

A

stressed skin or diaphragm Construction

55
Q

Various metal connections are used to transfer loads so that spliced Timber acts like a

A

Single Timber

56
Q

Plank like sections of nominal 2-inch (or thinner) boards are glued together Under Pressure to produce large arches, Beams, girders, and columns; sometimes bolts are used to supplement the glue

A

Glulam, laminated Timbers

57
Q

Burn like solid heavy Timbers and to not delaminate like plywood

A

Laminated Timbers

58
Q

T or F: laminated wood beams do not delaminate

A

True

59
Q

T or F: Plywood that is used in wooden I beams can delaminate

A

True

60
Q

Combined in one member both column and girder; provide a straight walled structure with a flat roof and a clear floor area

A

Two hinge arches of laminated wood

61
Q

Laminated Timbers and other finally finished wood are shipped in a protective paper wrapper; paper is hemp reinforced and coated with bituminous moisture repellent which can do what

A

Ignite readily, High flame spread, can contribute to severe lost in building under construction

62
Q

Often fabricated without waste by gluing three boards together with Center board protruding on one side and indented on the other

A

Tongue and groove roof planks

63
Q

During a fire these plants May separate like plywood causing the boards to fall from overhead

A

Tongue and groove planks

64
Q

Wood chips are glued together to make flat sheets; sometimes used for floors of mobile homes; can be water soluble

A

chipboards (aka particleboard)

65
Q

Composite of a steel plate sandwich between two solid sawn wood joist or in some cases plywood

A

flitch plate girders

66
Q

Covering that is applied to the studs or framing of a structure

A

Sheathing

67
Q

Moisture and Vermin proofed; used in residential construction because it can be installed quickly and has relatively High insulation value

A

Low-density black fiberboard

68
Q

Low density fiberboard material carries a combustible warning; the common method of ignition of this material is

A

Plumber’s torch

69
Q

Plywood can be used as sheathing or used add quarters to provide

A

Shear strength

70
Q

Type of sheathing found in some locations where combustible sheathing is not permitted

A

Gypsum

71
Q

Combined brick veneer surfacing and gypsum interior surface is used to provide

A

Rated fire-resistive exterior walls

72
Q

Now widely used for sheathing; may or may not be flame inhibited and if exposed to fire it may degrade and give off noxious fumes

A

Foamed plastic

73
Q

On a building it is the outer weather surface installed over the sheathing

A

Siding

74
Q

On the outside of the building what can readily extend fired vertically and is easily ignited buy an exterior fire such as trash or burning foliage

A

Combustible siding

75
Q

Often called clapboard, laid on horizontally and of wood

A

Novelty siding (wood siding)

76
Q

Consist of boards laid on vertically butt to butt wood strips nailed over joints

A

Board and batten siding

77
Q

type of siding Delivered in 4 ft wide sheets, side matched, give appearance of 4 in wide strips about 1/2 in apart

A

Plywood siding (aka T1-11 plywood)

78
Q

A siding they do not present the extreme conflagration Hazard of wood shingled roofs

A

Shingles and Shakes
(long, thicker shingles are called shakes)

79
Q

siding that is non combustible but the presence of wood trim and often old wood siding renders building with this type of siding just as vulnerable to a grass or trash fire as a wooden building

A

Asbestos cement shingle

80
Q

Siding that can explode when heated and flying particles can cause eye injuries and possible inhalation hazards

A

Asbestos cement shingles

81
Q

Known as gasoline siding; usually made to look like brick or stone and burns readily and produces dense black smoke

A

Asphalt felt siding

82
Q

T or F: asphalt siding has some fire resistance value

A

false; it does not

83
Q

Made to look like wood siding; thermoplastic that will deform (droop) burn, and drip under attack from a fire; often used to cover up old wood siding

A

Vinyl siding

84
Q

Type of metal siding that can present severe electrical hazards both from stray electrical currents and from lightning; used on industrial buildings of wood or steel framing

A

Corrugated metal siding

85
Q

Thin concrete surface that can be used on any structures such as brick block hollow tile or wood; can improve exposure protection over that of comparable wood surface buildings

A

Stucco

86
Q

In the case of wood stucco is laid on metal lath, lath makes it difficult to

A

Make openings in the wall

87
Q

Type of siding that is popular for wood frame residences, Garden Apartments, and smaller commercial buildings

A

Brick veneer siding

88
Q

T or F: brick veneer siding it’s not structural so it carries no load except itself

A

True

89
Q

Brick veneer walls are laid up from

A

Foundation and one wythe

90
Q

1 thickness of brick in a wall

A

wythe

91
Q

in a veneered wall, galvanized steel anchors are nailed to

A

Studs

92
Q

in a veneered wall, the anchors are bent at right angle and embedded in the mortar between two brick courses (or layers); if there is a fire in the wall the nails made detach from the studs do to

A

Pyrolytic decomposition

93
Q

T or F: natural or artificial stone and cast concrete are also used as veneer

A

True

94
Q

Stones used as veneers are mortared to

A

wire lath base

95
Q

Split pieces of wood that are used for roofing or siding; some of the greatest fire disasters have been due to the spread of Fire by these

A

Wood shingles or shakes

96
Q

Wood shingled roofs are permitted wherever what type of buildings are permitted

A

Frame buildings

97
Q

Standard methods of fire test of roof coverings

A

NFPA 256

98
Q

Roofing materials are classified as a b or c; the least fire-resistant is rated

A

c

99
Q

Treated shingles exposed to weather effects will lose

A

Effectiveness

100
Q

Imitation beams often found in conjunction with plywood veneers that are readily ignitable and burn fiercly; hazards include massive fire load overhead and potential for collapse

A

Polyurethane imitation wood beams and fittings such as brackets

101
Q

In newer construction which is stronger floors or roofs

A

Floors

102
Q

Quickly succumbs to fire; can also lose its structural strength and fail when it becomes saturated with water

A

OSB or oriented flakeboard

103
Q

An older construction homes what is one indicator of balloon frame structure

A

Tall narrow windows

104
Q

In balloon frame building fire you should investigate all parts of the building immediately and be aware of potential for intensifier build up in

A

Void spaces

105
Q

In balloon frame structure if a fire starts in the basement you need to quickly check

A

Attic

106
Q

In balloon frame structure if fire starts on floor 1, 2, or above you need to check what

A

Basement; burning embers and debris scan fall from upper stories down to the foundation which can start a fire below

107
Q

In a balloon frame building the problem with an interior attack is that fire moves up through

A

Multiple stud channels

108
Q

Navy fog applicators and piercing nozzles can convert spray into steam and travel through same channel as fire in a

A

Balloon frame building

109
Q

the safest and most effective way to attack a fire in a balloon frame structure is by

A

Removing exterior siding

110
Q

in a balloon frame structure, the 1x6 in. wood sheathing or lath and plaster carry a lot of the weight of interior walls that is why it is best to use what for interior attacks

A

Piercing nozzle or fog applicator

111
Q

in a wall fire the attic is considered an extension of the wall you should resist the urge to do what and why

A

Cut ventilation hole in roof; will complete the chimney and draw fire into attic and structural members of roof

112
Q

in a wall fire, if the roof stays intact the atmosphere though charged with heat and smoke is oxygen-deficient and will not sustain a fire this allows crews to

A

Extinguish a fire from the exterior

113
Q

These can exist above built-in cabinets in a kitchen, in the underside of stairways, in bathrooms or projecting eaves and in balloon frame construction these generally lack fire stops, can be a direct path to fire to enter the wall and joist spaces and can allow for fire to quickly spread vertically and horizontally

A

Soffits or void spaces

114
Q

If water is flowing over a combustible surface it will not

A

Burn

115
Q

T or F: water curtain does not protect an exposure, radiant heat can travel right through the spray you must cover the exposure with water

A

True

116
Q

Fire burning in balloon frame walls destroys the

A

Structural Integrity of the building

117
Q

In balloon frame building fire, watch for signs of fire spread such as

A

-Heavy volumes of smoke pushing out from voids in building
-intense heat buildup and structural failure (may not be apparent from close range)

118
Q

Where a plank beam ceiling is already or about to become involved in fire prepare for heavy stream attack with

A

solid stream tips to reach surface of wood with maximum water flow

119
Q

Compression load of a truss is carried on the what; typically a Lightwood members such as 2x4 or 2x6 in

A

Top chord

120
Q

In a truss, the entire tensile load is carried on the; one brake can precipitate failure

A

Bottom chord

121
Q

One of the purposes of installing sprinklers is to prevent

A

Flashover

122
Q

T or F: sprinklers are fused by heat not necessarily By Flame contact

A

True

123
Q

If first in unit is under staff and fire is gaining momentum you can consider an attack with

A

Blitz attack

124
Q

The British thermal units (BTU) generated by a growing Fire have to be overwhelmed by

A

Gallons per minute (water)

125
Q

As far as life Hazard is concerned if a fire is large enough to require a blitz attack the rescue profile is probably

A

zero

126
Q

In areas where many buildings have wood shingle roofs prepare for attack with what to knock down the original fire

A

Blitz; call for additional unit immediately

CGFD (16 decks)

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