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CGFD > Brannigans Building Construction CH.4 Building & Fire Codes > Flashcards

Brannigans Building Construction CH.4 Building & Fire Codes Flashcards

1
Q

this type of special building requires fire alarm & detection system, full sprinkler protection, public address, low level exit signs and Class A rating for all interior finishes

A

special amusement buildings

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2
Q

it was not until 1873 that this group developed a set of 8 simple fire protection concerns dealing with items such as “inflammable materials” as well as limitations on the excess height of buildings and fire escapes that were actually serviceable for invalids, women and children

A

National Association of Fire Engineers (NAFE; known today as International Association of Fire Chiefs)

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3
Q

real push for national building and fire regulation’s came in the wake of what?

A

Great Baltimore Fire of 1904

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4
Q

insurance industry took lead and prepared what code in 1906?

A

National Building Code of 1906

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5
Q

organized in 1896, started building regulations during this period; issued sprinkler system standard followed by National Electric Code in 1897

A

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

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6
Q

complete regulatory documents that can be adopted by cities and states as they are written

A

model codes

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7
Q

prepared by Building Officials and Code Admin. International (organized in 1915) was used in North and Midwest

A

National Building Code

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8
Q

used in West and Southwest; prepared by International Conference of building officials (1922)

A

Uniform Building Code

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9
Q

prepared by Southern Building Code congress International (1945); used in Southeast

A

Standard Building Code

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10
Q

older regionally adopted codes; no longer produced

A

legacy codes

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11
Q

establish minimum set of requirements that need to be met, not necessarily what should be done in terms of fire protection from firefighting perspective

A

building and fire codes

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12
Q

in addition to building codes, ICC and NFPA develop what?

A

fire codes

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13
Q

regulate the construction of a building

A

building codes

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14
Q

regulate the use of a building after it is built

A

fire codes

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15
Q

unless building is renovated or modified, what is not applied retroactively?

A

building codes

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16
Q

applies to all structures and conditions within them, including existing hazards that were created even before adoption of the code

A

fire code

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17
Q

fire codes and building codes are updated every how many years by the NFPA and ICC?

A

every 3 years

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18
Q

codes up to date every 3 years need to be adopted by the city or state if not it cannot be what?

A

enforced

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19
Q

building codes rely on what for detailed regulations for installation of building systems, including fire protection systems?

A

standards

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20
Q

specify WHERE systems are to be installed in building

A

building code

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21
Q

specify HOW system is to be designed and installed in building

A

standards

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22
Q

2 most important test standards

A
  1. American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) E119, standard test methods for fire test of building construction materials
  2. ASTM E84, standard test method for surface burning characteristics of building materials
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23
Q

used for testing and assigning hourly ratings for fire walls, columns, and floor

A

ASTM E119, standard test methods for fire fire test building construction materials

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24
Q

test flame spread characteristics of interior finishes

A

ASTM E84, standard test method for surface burning characteristics of building material

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25
Q

WHAT % OF BUILDING CODE DEALS WITH FIRE SAFETY?

A

75%

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26
Q

5 types of construction

A
  1. fire resistive
  2. non combustible
  3. ordinary
  4. heavy timber
  5. wood frame
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27
Q

International Building Code Type 1 =

A

fire resistive

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28
Q

International Building Code TYPE 2 =

A

non combustible

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29
Q

International Building Code Type 3 =

A

ordinary

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30
Q

International Building Code Type 4 =

A

heavy timber

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31
Q

International Building Code Type 5 =

A

wood frame

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32
Q

In the International Building Code, subcategory levels for each class refers to what?

A

amount of fire resistance provided for that type of construction (Type 1A)

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33
Q

fire resistive construction w/ 3 hour fire rated structural frame

A

Type 1A

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34
Q

NFPA 5000 uses 3 digit numbering scheme to designate what?

A

subcategories of each type of construction related to hourly rating of the structure

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35
Q

what does each number stand for in the NFPA 5000 3 digit numbering scheme for construction ? ( i.e. Type 3 (ordinary) w/ 211 rating)

A

first # = rating of load bearing wall
2nd # = beams and columns
3rd # = floor construction

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36
Q

TYPE 3 (ordinary) building w/ 211 rating

A

1st # = 2 hour fire rated load bearing wall
2nd # = 1 hour fire rated beams and columns
3rd # = 1 hour fire rated floors

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37
Q

allows buildings w/ mixed construction types such as a 5 story apartment building of type 3 construction to be built on tope of a 2 story parking garage of type 1 construction

A

International Building Code

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38
Q

building codes classify structures by their

A

occupancy types

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39
Q

relates the hazards of building and the type of occupants to specific regulations such as allowable area and height

A

occupancy classification

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40
Q

A1 Assembly examples

A

movie theaters, concert halls

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41
Q

A2 Assembly Examples

A

restaurants, nightclubs

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42
Q

A3 Assembly examples

A

churches, library

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43
Q

A4 Assemble

A

arenas, tennis courts

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44
Q

“B” buildings examples

A

offices, educational occupancies above 12th grade

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45
Q

“E” educational examples

A

grade-schooler, daycare

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46
Q

F1 Factory Moderate Hazard example

A

bakery, laundries, woodworking

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47
Q

F2 Factory Low Hazard

A

foundries, ice plants

48
Q

H1 High Hazard

A

detonation hazards

49
Q

H2 High Hazard

A

deflagration hazards

50
Q

H3 High Hazard

A

physical hazards presented

51
Q

H4 High Hazard

A

health hazards

52
Q

H5 High Hazard

A

semiconductor

53
Q

Institutional I1

A

Halfway houses, group homes

54
Q

I2 Institutional

A

hospitals, nursing homes

55
Q

I3 Institutional

A

prisons, jails

56
Q

“M” Mercantile examples

A

dept. stores, drug stores

57
Q

R1 Residential examples

A

hotels, motels

58
Q

R2 Residential

A

apartment buildings, dormitories

59
Q

R3 Residential

A

1 & 2 family homes

60
Q

R4 Residential

A

assisted care facilities, residential care

61
Q

Storage S1 Moderate Hazard examples

A

books, furniture

62
Q

Storage S2 Low Hazard examples

A

cement in bags, fresh fruits, glass

63
Q

Utility & Miscellaneous “U” examples

A

barns, carports, greenhouses

64
Q

NFPA 5000 Assembly Occupancy types # of occupants

A

> 1000, >300, = 300 occupants

65
Q

building codes regulate what 2 things depending on the construction classification and occupancy type ?

A

size and height of structure

66
Q

building codes regulate size which =

A

size = area per floor in square feet before fire walls required to subdivide the area

67
Q

building codes regulate height of structure which =

A

height = in terms of feet and stories

68
Q

generally, the more dangerous the occupancy (in terms of life hazard and/ or activities taking place inside) and the more combustible the construction (i.e. wood frame) permits for what size of building?

A

smaller and shorted building permissible
(I.E. building code wouldn’t allow a wood frame hospital of 12 stories w/ 30,000 ft2 per floor)

69
Q

installation of what reduces other code requirements for the building, including allowable area and height?

A

installation of automatic fire sprinkler systems

70
Q

much larger buildings can be erected, w/ more combustible type of construction simply by what?

A

installing fire sprinklers

71
Q

installation of fire sprinkler allow for trade offs not only for allowable area and height but also for reduction in what?

A

reductions in egress requirements
structural fire resistance
increases in quantities of hazardous materials in some cases

72
Q

regulate the special types pf hazards present in a building such as atria and high rise structures

A

building and fire codes

73
Q

special hazards include

A

underground buildings
hazardous material use
storage facilities
stages and platforms
covered malls

74
Q

building and fire codes set the requirements for emergency egress including what

A

of exit stairwells

travel distance
width of doorway and corridors

75
Q

number of feet from any point in a building to a fire rated stairwell or outdoors

A

travel distance

76
Q

3 components of means of egress

A

the exit access
the exit
the exit discharge

77
Q

actual path from any point in a building to a fire rated stairwell (or outdoors)

A

exit access

78
Q

rated stairwell or exit passageway and the opening (door) to the outside

79
Q

essentially a higher rated corridor that connects a stairwell to the exterior of a building when the stairwell is not located on an exterior wall

A

exit passageway

80
Q

simply from the outside door to a public wall (i.e. street, public sidewalk)

A

exit discharge

81
Q

of people that the code anticipates can occupy a space given the occupancy type

A

occupant load

82
Q

in a building, all rooms must have one what?

A

once code compliant means of egress

83
Q

in a building, as occupant load increases, what must be increased as well ?

A

of doors/paths

84
Q

rating for corridors

A

often 1 hour

85
Q

rating for corridor doors

A

often 20 mins

86
Q

rating for stairwells for 3 stories & 4 stories and up

A

up to 3 stories: 1 hour
4 stories or more: 2 hours

87
Q

“Step” or horizontal surface of step that foot is placed upon; stairs

88
Q

vertical portion of the stair that “rises” b/w treads

89
Q

typical tread & riser dimension

A

tread: 11 in
riser: 7 in

90
Q

how far an occupant must travel to get to a fire rated stairwell or outside exit; important limitation/ provision of building and fire codes

A

travel distance

91
Q

generally, in a building w/o an automatic fire sprinkler system the max. travel distance limitation should be how much ?

A

max 200 ft

92
Q

buildings w/ fire sprinklers may have increased what?

A

travel distance limitations

93
Q

a 2 hour fire rated wall typically running from exterior wall to exterior wall on an individual floor of a building

A

horizontal exit

94
Q

used when travel distances to a fire rated stairwell or exit discharge are excessive

A

horizontal exit

95
Q

means of egress doors for places of assembly. schools and hospitals require the use of what (known as fire exit hardware when used on fire doors) ?

A

panic hardware

96
Q

characterized by a bar that opens door with a simple push to avoid a pileup behind the door

A

panic hardware

97
Q

are required for all sleeping rooms in residential occupancies (i.e. hotels, dormitories, apartments, 1-2 fam dwellings, group “R” occupancies) below the 4th floor for you to rescue trapped occupants

A

exterior emergency escape
&
rescue windows

98
Q

rescue window dimensions

A

min. 5.7 ft^2in area
min. 20 in wide & 24 in high

99
Q

used of what on windows is prohibited by all model codes?

A

fixed burglar bars

100
Q

have not been permitted to be installed on new buildings as means of egress since late 1960’s

A

fire escapes

101
Q

consists of steeps set of open grate metal stairs w/ tall rises and narrow treads; run zig zag pattern across face of building, connecting windows on each floor

A

fire escape

102
Q

some fire escapes have what at the top to provide access to the roof?

A

vertical “gooseneck” ladder

103
Q

in large buildings w/ many occupants such as theaters and factories, fire escape may use what to automatically descend to ground as weight of fleeing occupants is placed upon it

A

counterbalanced set of stairs

104
Q

fire inspections of fire escapes involve a live load test of how much wt?

A

100 lb/ft^2

105
Q

regulate the installation of fire protection systems

A

building and fire codes

106
Q

ADA =

A

American w/ Disabilities Act of 1990

107
Q

ADA w/ building and fire codes has lead to variety of provisions for disabled such as

A

visual and audible signaling devices
ramps for wheelchair

108
Q

smoke barrier protected rooms located near stairwells and are identified w/ international symbol of accessibility

A

area of refuge

109
Q

aside from dealing w/ fire resistive assemblies and fire protection systems, this also covers issues such as fire apparatus access roads (fire lanes), smoke management fans for high piled combustible warehouse stock and flammable liquid storage rooms

110
Q

according to the model fire codes, all existing and all new buildings (not only high rises) are required to have complete emergency what?

A

emergency responder radio coverage

111
Q

proper fire protection requires what 2 types of features

A

passive & active(dynamic) fire protection features

112
Q

in addition to building codes, ICC and NFPA facilitate development of what?

A

consensus based standards and codes

113
Q

regulate the construction of a building

A

building codes

114
Q

regulate the use of the building after it is built

A

fire codes

115
Q

deals w/ ongoing maintenance of building code mandated fire resistive assemblies and fire protection systems (some specific construction type provisions as well)

CGFD (16 decks)

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