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CGFD > Brannigans Building Construction CH.7 Non-Fire Building Systems > Flashcards

Brannigans Building Construction CH.7 Non-Fire Building Systems Flashcards

1
Q

although anhydrous ammonia is transported as nonflammable gas, it has a lower explosive limit of

A

15%

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2
Q

potential fires may be caused by worn out insulation on wiring that allows what?

A

conductors to touch, overloaded circuits or bad connections in junction box

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3
Q

one of the very first codes that NFPA published in 1897

A

national electrical code(nfpa 70)

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4
Q

the metal (copper or aluminum) that distributes electricity throughout building; wiring usually called this

A

conductors

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5
Q

runs of conductors supplying specific parts of a building and equipment are termed

A

circuits

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6
Q

amount of electricity flowing through conductors is expressed as

A

amperes (A)

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7
Q

wires are single or multiple strand conductors that are

A

bare or sheathed; usually covered with insulation

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8
Q

conductors are tested and rated for

A

current flow they carry and numbered in terms of gauge under American Wiring Gauge (AWG)

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9
Q

In AWG (American Wiring Gauge) the smaller the number =

A

larger diameter; i.e. 3 gauge wire will carry 100 A

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10
Q

14 gauge wire is used for

A

lighting circuits in building

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11
Q

some wiring uses metallic sheathing outside, commonly known as

A

BX cable

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12
Q

nonmetallic (NM) sheathed cables have taken the generic moniker

A

Romex (one particular brand of plastic covered wiring)

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13
Q

wiring often runs inside

A

conduit

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14
Q

durable tubing or an enclosure that protects exposed wiring from physical damage; electrical metallic tubing (EMT), redid metal conduit (RMC) and electric nonmetallic tubing (ENT)

A

conduit

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15
Q

technically 2 or more insulated conductors

A

cables

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16
Q

carries cables that are used to cover long distances in large commercial and industrial buildings

A

elevated cable tray

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17
Q

used to bring different runs of conductors together

A

junction boxes

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18
Q

brings all of conductors together with the power supply to provide control over the system; sometimes called panelboard

A

primary electrical service panel

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19
Q

plays critical role in overcurrent protection; gives occupants & FF’s ability to shut down entire system or portion of system

A

electrical service panel

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20
Q

when operating switches from panel it is best to use what ?

A

backside of hand w/ face turned away

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21
Q

single use device designed to stop the flow of electricity when excess current is flowing and should be thrown away once blown

A

fuses

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22
Q

old systems (overcurrent protection) use what?

A

round “plug” fuses screwed into panel

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23
Q

todays most common overcurrent protection for small residential and commercial buildings

A

circuit breaker

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24
Q

designed to “trip” circuit when excess current flow is detected; once excess flow issue is resolved it can be restored to provide current

A

circuit breaker

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25
Q

what type of buildings use cartridge fuses

A

large commercial and industrial buildings

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26
Q

single use circuit breakers that require specific amperage rated fuses; usually found in large commercial and industrial buildings

A

cartridge fuses

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27
Q

common pieces of equipment in large electrical systems in commercial and industrial buildings; they transform (adjust) voltage (electromotive force)

A

transformers

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28
Q

typical single family homes operate on how many volts?

A

110 volts
(factories 400+)

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29
Q

from life safety perspective, building codes require what type of buildings a secondary source of electricity to keep critical equipment such as fire pumps, smoke management, elevators and fire alarm systems running?

A

high rises, atrium & underground buildings

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30
Q

secondary sources of electricity; required to provide power w/in 10 secs of power outage

A

emergency power

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31
Q

systems that provide for buildings heating and cooling systems. and important building automation systems; have 60 secs to pick up electrical load of less critical systems

A

standby power systems

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32
Q

emergency generators are typically fueled by

A

diesel fuel or natural gas

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33
Q

natural gas generators connected to gas utility will have

A

continuous supply of fuel, has no operating time limit

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34
Q

provides information of generators such as operating temp and oil pressures; has manual start and stop buttons

A

control panel

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35
Q

transfer switches at generator and in fire command center allows FF’s to switch between

A

normal utility power and generator power

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36
Q

standard for emergency and standby power systems

A

NFPA 110

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37
Q

newest type of energy supply; large banks of old school lead acid batteries or modern lithium batteries which provide additional power for buildings electrical needs during peak power demand and charge batteries overnight when power costs are lower

A

energy storage systems

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38
Q

energy storage systems sometimes use what to charge batteries

A

solar panels and wind turbines

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39
Q

standard for installation of stationary energy storage systems

A

NFPA 855

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40
Q

groups of battery sets based on the kilowatt hours provided

A

battery systems arrays

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41
Q

NFPA 855 limits size of battery system arrays requiring how much space b/w them?

A

3 ft b/w each system

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42
Q

when extinguishing fire in battery systems, particularly those w/ lithium batteries, flammable gases are generated presenting possibility of what?

A

gas explosion

43
Q

furnaces use a variety of fuels such as

A

natural gas, propane, fuel oil, rare cases coal

44
Q

heart of furnace; transfers heat from combustion chamber to exterior of chamber

A

heat exchanger

45
Q

furnaces are categorized in terms of type of relationship b/w

A

heat exchanger and combustion gas

46
Q

furnace that simply pass hot exhaust gases over heat exchanger, allowing naturally buoyant heat to leave furnace to surrounding area

A

natural draft furnace

47
Q

furnace that move heated air using fans that blow over heat exchanger

A

forced draft (forced air) furnaces

48
Q

w/ combustion air blowers pull heated air across heat exchanger

A

induced draft furnaces

49
Q

use secondary heat exchanger that condenses and removes hot exhaust gases for additional heat

A

condensing furnaces

50
Q

form of furnace; typically use same fuels; steam created that is distributed to heating appliances throughout structure

A

boiler

51
Q

in boiler; after steam passes through what steam cools off and then returns water to boiler where it is heated again to steam

A

radiator

52
Q

more modern boiler systems use circulating pump and expansion pump for what?

A

circulating pump=move water through system
=expansion pump= control pressure

53
Q

boilers are pressure vessels typically operating from 12 psi (cold water start) up to

A

30 psi (max operating pressure)

54
Q

large commercial boilers can provide pressures as much as

A

160 psi for hot water

55
Q

boilers are characterized in terms of

A

British thermal unit (BTU) output and horsepower (HP)

56
Q

large boilers can produce upwards of how many HP & BTU?

A

100 HP & 4 million BTU

57
Q

all boilers require what to prevent an explosion when it is over pressurized

A

pressure relief devices

58
Q

oil fueled furnaces are subject to what, in which burner fails to ignited atomized fuel oil spray inside combustion chamber; building up accumulated fuel eventually igniting causing vapor explosion

A

backfires

59
Q

furnaces and boilers involved in fire should be

A

shut down using electrical control switches

60
Q

AHU; comprising blowers/ fans, heating/ cooling elements and filters

A

air handling units

61
Q

conduit through which air moves, usually metal or fiber glass

A

ducts

62
Q

plates w/in ducts that open or close to control air flow

A

dampers

63
Q

system that uses system of air handling units (AHU) that supply climate controlled air throughout building using network of ducts and dampers

A

HVAC systems

64
Q

duct leaving AHU serving rooms of building with “fresh” climate controlled air is termed

A

supply air duct

65
Q

duct bringing “Stale” air back to AHU is called

A

return air ducts

66
Q

required in most HVAC systems since 1980 MGM grand high rise fire in Vegas; can automatically shut down system if not have to manually be shut down

A

duct smoke detectors

67
Q

for air conditioning purposes, larger commercial HVAC systems use what type of chillers; water circulated through system

A

air or water cooled chillers

68
Q

both air and water chillers use what to create chilled water

A

refrigeration condensers and evaporators

69
Q

air and water chillers, in terms of ability to remove heat, they are measured in

A

tons
(1 ton = removal of 12,000 BTU/hr)

70
Q

water cooled chillers used what, located on rooftops, in which circulating water is sprayed into air stream from large fan; heat is removed in air stream and discharged to atmosphere

A

cooling towers

71
Q

T or F: cooling towers do not have fire sprinkler systems

A

False; some do have fire sprinkler systems

72
Q

structures receive water from

A

water mains (most), wells or tanks

73
Q

installed at point of entry into building on the supply in order for it to be shut off

A

main control valve

74
Q

for a public water supply, where the main control valve is you will typically also find

A

water meter for system

75
Q

in larger buildings, the meter and additional valves are placed in

A

pit outside structure

76
Q

used to prevent contaminated water from entering back into public water supply; usually found at main control valves

A

backflow preventer

77
Q

water is conveyed throughout a building through

A

piping (steel, iron, plastic) or tubing (copper)

78
Q

in tall structures, this is needed to bring water at proper pressure to upper floors when the pressure in city water amins is inadequate

A

domestic water pumps (separate and distinct from fire pump)

79
Q

during power outages, many mid rise buildings (5-7 stories) do not have

A

emergency generators

80
Q

wastewater and sewage are moved out of building through

A

gravity controlled drainage system (typically composed of steel, iron or plastic piping)

81
Q

laboratories often use what type of drains that are resistant to corrosion by acids

A

glass drains

82
Q

section of pipe in drain from fixture that prevents backflow and sewers gases from entering room where fixture is located ; each water supplied fixture has this

A

“U” trap

83
Q

each eater supplied fixture has a trap connected to drain along w/ associated vent stack that rises above roofline to control

A

air pressure in drain pines

84
Q

in what areas is natural gas supplied to buildings by large city wide utility distribution systems

A

urban and suburban areas

85
Q

individual tanks of propane are typically used in what areas?

A

rural areas

86
Q

used to regulate installation of most gas piping systems

A

NFPA 54: national fuel gas code

87
Q

reduce the pressure to usable levels for appliances that will use gas

A

regulators

88
Q

regulators cut gas pressure down from about 100 psi to

A

0.25 to 0.5 psi
(commercial buildings 5 psi to supply large equipment)

89
Q

in utility supplied natural gas systems, what 2 things are usually near each other ?

A

pressure regulator and meter

90
Q

propane systems use what located near propane container

A

individual regulators

91
Q

individual appliances, including furnaces, water heaters, and gas dryers are required to have individual

A

gas shut off valves

92
Q

control valves in fuel gas piping systems are important to FF’s especially

A

service valves or main shut off valve

93
Q

small or medium sized; gas cocks can be turned 1/4 to allow or stop gas flow

A

service valves

94
Q

if not shut off valve found in fuel gas piping system, you will have to shut off

A

valve upstream, such as main shut off valve

95
Q

in fuel gas piping system service valve (main shut off), if ridge is perpendicular to direction of pipe it would indicate valve is

A

closed

96
Q

ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) that regulate design and installation of elevators

A

A17.1 for new elevators
A17.3 for existing elevators

97
Q

contain provisions for emergency power for selected elevators and smoke/heat vents at tops of hoist ways

A

model building codes

98
Q

elevators are grouped into 2 general types

A

traction and hydraulic

99
Q

type of elevator that uses electric motor to lift or lower car (cab) suspended on steel “rope” (cable) within an elevator shaft; usually found in taller buildings

A

traction elevator

100
Q

elevator that uses hydraulic fluid under pressure to raise and lower a piston (jack) attached to bottom of car

A

hydraulic elevator

101
Q

elevator typically installed in low rise buildings and are usually limited to 5 or 6 stories

A

hydraulic elevator

102
Q

required for each elevator car for shut down and locked out/tag out during trapped occupant rescue

A

individual electric power switches

103
Q

feature an electric motor that moves spooled hoist rope up and down, managed by control system

A

traction elevators

104
Q

hydraulic elevators utilize a pressurized

A

hydraulic fluid pump and tank system

CGFD (16 decks)

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