Brannigans Building Construction CH.10 Ordinary Construction (PT.2)

Question 1

Typically front and side walls are designed to do what?

Answer 1

Brace one another

Question 2

Ways to stabilize a wall include the use of:

Answer 2

-buttresses or masses of masonry outside the wall
-Pilasters or columns built inside wall
-wall columns built inside wall

Question 3

In a concrete block wall the wall columns may be:

Answer 3

-solid concrete blocks
-concrete or clay bricks
-cast-in-place reinforced concrete
-Steel

Question 4

Often sizable holes are cut through walls, until a proper lintel it’s installed the Gap represents what in the wall?

Answer 4

Weakness in the wall

Question 5

A bowing brick wall, separates from what and creates a dangerously unstable condition

Answer 5

Separate from floor joists inside

Question 6

T or F: steel lintels have been used for years without any protection for the steel

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What kind of lintels are used in masonry walls

Answer 7

Reinforced concrete lintels

Question 8

T or F: when using reinforced concrete lintels, because the building is not required to be far resistive the concrete has to be fire-resistive

Answer 8

False; concrete is not required to be fire-resistive

Question 9

Reinforced rods May provide what type of strength to a composite structure

Answer 9

Tensile strength

Question 10

T or F: concrete is inherently non-combustible and it can be formulated to be fire-resistive

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Basic sign that a wall is distressed (signaled by stars, plates, Channel sections, or other spreaders, or straps tying the front wall to the side wall)

Answer 11

Braced walls

Question 12

Braced walls maybe tied to what?

Answer 12

Together across the building or tied to floor beams

Question 13

Suspended beams that form canopies are common and are secured by what to the interior structure

Answer 13

Tie rods

Question 14

If tie rods, of suspended beam, connection fails the canopy becomes what?

Answer 14

Undesigned cantilever

Question 15

Masonry walls are not designed to resist what type of loads

Answer 15

Lateral impact loads

Question 16

Brick or masonry walls that separate one electrical Transformer from another are often specially reinforced to resist what

Answer 16

Lateral impact

Question 17

It is difficult to level floor beams in masonry buildings due to what

Answer 17

Masonry irregularities

Question 18

A passageway, usually vertical, cut into a masonry wall for a pipe or conduit

Answer 18

Chase

Question 19

It is possible to add a vertical plane of weakness into a building by cutting what into a wall

Answer 19

Chase

Question 20

What cut into an existing wall presents a serious weakness

Answer 20

Chase

Question 21

Downspouts that need protection from vehicles should not be recessed into a wall but rather should be protected by what?

Answer 21

Masonry or cast iron

Question 22

End of the beam it’s cut at an angle so the beam can fall out of the wall

Answer 22

Fire cut

Question 23

Wooden floor beams fitted tightly into the wall may act as a series of levers on the wall and when they collapse they will pull down the wall; the usual solution is what

Answer 23

Fire cut

Question 24

In what type of construction are cast iron Beam box inserted into the wall so that beams are not set into the wall

Answer 24

Heavy Timber Construction

Question 25

What type of streams can smash through a brick wall

Answer 25

Very heavy streams such as from fire boats

Question 26

The interior structure consists of

Answer 26

-floors
-any necessary interior support for floors
-any suspended loads
-the roof

Question 27

Fire resistance ratings, in standard fire test conducted in accordance with American Society for testing and materials (ASTM) E-119 standard test methods for fire test of Building Construction and materials, are used to produce what

Answer 27

Code classified protected combustible structures

Question 28

Have been developed that can achieve fire resistance ratings in standard fire test

Answer 28

Combustible floor and wall Assemblies of wood and gypsum board

Question 29

In order masonry buildings, the interior walls, if not of Masonry, or of what?

Answer 29

Balloon frame Construction

Question 30

What type of frame wall carrying interior loads May Fail very early due to the small cross-sectional area of the studs

Answer 30

Balloon frame

Question 31

Stone walls and interior walls may lose their strength due to what during a fire

Answer 31

Spalling

Question 32

T or F: masonry walls are usually much thicker than wooden walls

Answer 32

True

Question 33

what may be used to support overloaded beans and are vulnerable to early failure

Answer 33

Adjustable steel Jack post or simple steel post

Question 34

Water pipe is designed for what type of pressure

Answer 34

Internal

Question 35

Use of water pipe for columns and beams is very dangerous and as a structure the connection is weak because metal has been removed wear what?

Answer 35

Shear load is greatest

Question 36

In structures, wood beams may have been Trussed initially or at a later date which is usually accomplished by what?

Answer 36

Erecting a strut downward from Center of beam and stretching tension rods from one end of the beam to the other over the strut; strut or the rods May fail first

Question 37

This technique has been used where heavy loads are on the floor above, or where equipment such as belt drive shafts were suspended from overhead or to transfer load formerly carried on a column

Answer 37

Wood beam Trussed; Erecting a strut downward from Center of beam and stretching tension rods from one end of the beam to the other over the strut

Question 38

What is the only way to connect wood beams to wood girders and receive the full benefit of the time it takes the wood to burn through?

Answer 38

Set the beams atop the girder

Question 39

Setting beams a top of girder is undesirable because it adds what it walls

Answer 39

Height

Question 40

The effective strength of the wood Under Fire attack is determined by what?

Answer 40

Size of the thinnest portion, not the mass of the member as a whole

Question 41

What type of connections must be made whenever an opening is provided in a wooden floor

Answer 41

Beam to beam connections

Question 42

The Joists that are cut to provide the opening in a wooden floor, do not reach the girder or bearing wall, and are connected to a header beam which in turn is connected to what?

Answer 42

Trimmers

Question 43

Beam to beam connections are accomplished in what ways:

Answer 43

-mortise and Tenon joints (older buildings)
-notched beams
-joist hangers or stirrups
-heavy Steel or wrought iron straps shaped to receive Joists and nail to top of the header

Question 44

Self-releasing floors can be seen in what buildings?

Answer 44

Old interior Mercantile buildings

Question 45

The girder of self-releasing floors sits on what?

Answer 45

Steel Shelf that protrudes from the column

Question 46

In self-releasing floors what connects the girders and impart some lateral stability under normal conditions?

Answer 46

A scrap of wood or dog iron (like big staple)

Question 47

Where a column is offset, the girder on which a rest becomes a transfer beam and is subject to severe shear stresses on this it was designed as what?

Answer 47

Transfer beam

Question 48

Improperly loaded structural components are more likely to what then similar components that are property loaded?

Answer 48

Fail