Brannigans Building Construction CH.7 Non-Fire Building Systems (PT.2) Flashcards
in a hydraulic elevator, pressurized fluid moves
piston (a.k.a hydraulic jack)
under what phase, are elevators recalled to specific floor (USALLY FIRST FLOOR BY ACTIVATION OF SMOKE DETECTOR)
phase 1, doors remain open
during what elevator phase FF’s selects one of elevators in bank (group of elevators) to access upper floor and can control elevators using special key and set of procedures
phase 2 operation
T or F: often emergency generators are capable of running only a single elevator in each bank
true
As a result of the World Trade Center disaster on September 11th 2001 model building codes were modified to include two particularly important Provisions for elevators in new high-rise buildings
Occupant evacuation elevators and fire service access elevators
Occupant evacuation elevators and fire service access elevators both require
-Smoke barrier enclosed lobbies
-direct access to a fire rated stairwell
-elevator system monitoring in fire Command Center
-standby power
Use for occupant evacuation prior to phase 1 operation of elevator (automatic recall)
Occupant evacuation elevators (phase 3 operation)
Occupant evacuation elevators are intended for self evacuation of occupants in buildings more than 420 ft in height as an alternative to an extra mandated stairwell in the building known as
Phase 3 operation
These elevators have special protection against water penetration and a two-way Communication System between Lobby and fire Command Center; firefighters can recall these elevators from fire Command Center
Occupant evacuation elevators
Fire service access elevators are found in new buildings more than how many feet in height?
120 ft in height
Fire service elevator lobbies are a minimum of 150 ft^2 in area and must have what in the fire rated stairwell immediately adjacent to the lobby
Class one hose Outlet in fire rated stairwell
Where are elevator power controls usually located for hydraulic elevators and for electric elevators?
First floor for hydraulic elevators
top floor for electric elevators
usually metal bars, Used to prevent occupants of an elevator that is stuck between floors from opening car and Shaft doors and falling down Elevator Shaft below
Elevator door restrictors
Elevator door restrictors and gauge when elevator cab is located where in landing Zone?
18 in above or below Landing Zone
True or false: elevator keys typically do not bypass elevator door restrictors
True
An electric motor-driven chain system which individually cast aluminum steps with attached roller wheels are moved in a continuous loop rail system
Escalators
The chain and the handrail of an escalator have their own
Drive gear
The overall steel frame that supports the escalator is called a
Truss
Use a series of flat metal plates (pallets) or synthetic (rubber) belts as the walking surface
Moving sidewalks
Switches located at the top and bottom of an escalator that will stop it but will not remove power from the system
Emergency stop switches
To remove the power from an escalator use the main disconnect switch/button typically located near
Motor, under inspection plate at top of escalator
Sprinklers are rarely found near escalators but may sometimes find
Smoke detectors or line type heat detectors
ASHRAE
American Society of heating refrigerating and air-conditioning engineers
Heart of refrigeration system; fluid that has ability to expand and contract absorbing and releasing heat to and from surrounding environment
Refrigerant
Refrigerant gas is pressurized to high pressure at
Compressor
Refrigerant gas under high pressure and temperature releases heat to surroundings area at
Condenser
Where is the refrigerant allowed to expand and in doing so lowered in terms of pressure and temperature
Expansion valve
When refrigerant moves onto this step its coolness/coldness reduce temperature of surrounding area creating desired cool temperature
Evaporator
Refrigerant move through closed loop system starting at compressor and moving on to
-Condenser
-expansion valve
-evaporator
Cooler storage temperature (for storing Foods)
32F to 65F
Chill rooms temperature (for curing meat)
16 to 35*F
Freezer or holding room temperatures (for storing frozen foods)
10 TO 5*F
Sharp freezer temperature (for initial freezing and normal freezing)
35 to 0*F
Refrigerants such as freon (banded many years ago) are under great scrutiny because
Effects on ozone depletion and their contribution to global warming
New refrigerant have very short atmospheric times which has led to refrigerants being more
Flammable
ASHRE developed a system of refrigerant classification that brings together both what using number and letter system
Flammability and toxicity
Refrigerant classification letter and number refer to what?
Letter= toxicity
Number= flammability
Refrigerant classification letter A & B stand for
A = lower toxicity
B= higher toxicity
Refrigerant classification numbers 1-3 stand for
1= do not propagate Flame
2= low flammability
3= High flammability
The level of flammability of refrigerant is based upon what?
Flame velocity
Isobutane and Propane possess low toxicity and are highly flammable are classified as
A3
Carbon dioxide used as a refrigerant is classified as
A1
Ammonia given both its toxicity and flammability is classified as
B2L
Contain requirements to address emergency situations for leaks in refrigeration systems that use flammable or toxic refrigerants
Model fire codes such as international fire code & NFPA 1 fire code handbook
For refrigeration systems model fire codes require what that will automatically shut down compressors and move refrigerant from high pressure zone to low pressure Zone as well as flaring systems to burn off flammable refrigerants
Automatic emergency pressure control systems
Refrigerant leak alarm and detection systems and dedicated emergency ventilation systems are required by
Fire codes
Some cold storage facilities and ice hockey arenas have returned to using what liquid refrigerant
Ammonia
Shipped as a non flammable material but is flammable with the flammable range of 16-25%
Ammonia
Install to dump ammonia from refrigeration system in event of emergency such as fire threatening refrigeration system or ammonia gas releasing from brake and system and collecting in building creating an explosive situation or toxic atmosphere
Ammonia diffusion system
Diffusion systems of ammonia consist on high and low pressure side of refrigeration system which terminate where
Specially designed and properly labeled fire department control box on outside of building
Fire Department control box for ammonia will typically have
Pressure gauges and Equalization valves and emergency switch to shut down all compressors
What must be provided for each pound of ammonia
Permanent water supply capable of providing at least 2 gallons
What allows fire department to pump directly into ammonia diffusion system
FDC
Work as a mixing vessel for ammonia (water storage tank or water basin)
Diffuser
After water and ammonia are mixed in diffuser it is discharged to
Sewer system for disposal
Medical gases supplied by medical gas piping systems include
Oxygen (oxidizer)
Nitrous oxide (oxidizer)
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Helium
medical air (for patients)
Instrument air (for surgical equipment)
Ethylene (FLAMMABLE GAS)
Medical gas piping systems used bulk storage containers with the medical gases stored either
Under pressure or cryogenically
Medical gas distribution piping system typically made of
Copper
Medical distribution piping have what to isolate specific portions of system
Shut off valves
In facilities that use large quantities of oxygen what is installed
Cryogenic storage systems
Often use high-pressure cylinders and portable cryogenic containers
Gas is needed in smaller quantities
Restaurant have switched to using what system for use and their carbonated beverages
Large-capacity carbon dioxide storage systems
What are the three components of newer carbon dioxide storage systems
Large-capacity stainless steel tanks (300-750 gal)
Piping system
Phil box on the outside of building
What is required for carbon dioxide storage system since it is an asphyxiant and leaking can be deadly
Carbon dioxide detection and alarm systems
Heavier than air gas and we’ll collect and low points such as basements
Carbon dioxide
Emergency generators need a power supply to start them mainly use
Lead acid batteries
Even after a sectional isolation valve is closed a water leak in pipe will continue to flow as long as
There is water in portion of system Beyond valve; consider using hazardous materials patching to stop flow
Other than very minor sewage backups all sewer piping breaks and backups inside a building require
Full PPE including SCBA
Unless natural gas leak quickly identify it is usually best to shut off gas to a building or unit at
Main service valve
Odorant placed in natural gas to alert individuals to a leak can be stripped from gas as it travels Underground through soil
Mercaptan
In some cases turning off the power to a stalled elevator car and then turning it back on again will allow car to move normally to a desired location this procedure show only be used
once
When possible remove trapped individuals from a stalled traction elevator car to the lobby floor above using
Roof hatch (minimizes possibility of falling down shaft)
reports of a leak involving a refrigeration system should initiate an immediate response of
Hazardous materials team
at a refrigeration system leak initial efforts involving full PPE equipped FF’s should be focused on
Evacuation of occupants and surrounding exposures
If an ammonia diffusion system is to be used to send diluted ammonia refrigerant through sanitary sewer system who must be notified
Affected sewage treatment plant
Given High Vapor density of carbon dioxide a leak from a beverage system can collect in rooms and in low points what is required for any response involving the systems
SCBA and aggressive ventilation for below grade areas
Newest type of power supply
Energy storage systems
