Brain & Neurotransmitters

Question 1

Cerebellum plays a role in (4)

Answer 1

Coordination, Balance, Gross & Fine Motor skills, Hand-eye coordination

Question 2

Increase in levels of ______ releasing hormone in the ____,____,____ increase symptoms of anxiety

Answer 2

Corticotropin, Amygdala, hippocampus, locus coeruleus

Question 3

Most abundant Neurotransmitter in the brain is

Answer 3

GABA

Question 4

GABA is known to be a

Answer 4

Calming neurotransmitter

Question 5

How does GABA affect anxiety?

Answer 5

decrease in GABA increases anxiety

Question 6

How does GABA help with relaxation and stress

Answer 6

by decreasing neuronal excitability

Question 7

When GABA is not regulated well it can contribute to what disorders?

Answer 7

Anxiety, epilepsy, and neurological disorders

Question 8

ACH is synthesized

Answer 8

nucleus of meynert

Question 9

ACH is involved with (3)

Answer 9

Memory, learning, muscle movement

Question 10

Deficits of ACH can cause

Answer 10

cognitive decline

Question 11

Glutamate is involved in

Answer 11

cognitive functions, learning memory

Question 12

D/O involving ACH include

Answer 12

Alzheimers & Dementia

Question 13

Dopamine is produced in (3)

Answer 13

Substantia nigra to regulate motor movements, nucleus accumbens (implicated in causing addiction)** , ventral tegmental area

Question 14

Dopamine influences (4)

Answer 14

reward, pleasure, motivation, movement

Question 15

Dopamine imbalances can cause (2)

Answer 15

Psychosis and the high found in drug use

Question 16

Dopamine disorders include (4)

Answer 16

schizophrenia, BP, addiction, depression

Question 17

Serotonin is produced in

Answer 17

Raphe of Nuclei of brainstem

Question 18

Serotonin regulates (5)

Answer 18

mood, appetite, sleep memory, and learning

Question 19

low serotonin can cause

Answer 19

mood disorder

Question 20

Serotonin disorders include (3)

Answer 20

Depression, anxiety, OCD

Question 21

Norepinephrine is produced (2)

Answer 21

locus coeruleus & medullary reticular formation

Question 22

Norepinephrine affects (6)

Answer 22

attention, focus, mood regulation, sleep wake cycle, memory formation, fight/flight

Question 23

Norepinephrine imbalances can cause

Answer 23

anxiety and depression

Question 24

Imbalances in glutamate can cause

Answer 24

mood disorders and neurodegeneration

Question 25

Disorders with Glutamate include

Answer 25

schizophrenia and BP and MDD

Question 26

Apoptosis (4)

Answer 26

neuronal loss of cell death cell extinction cell shrinkage cell disintegration

Question 27

Addiction neurotransmitters (2)

Answer 27

Dopamine GABA

Question 28

Nightmares neurotransmitters (5)

Answer 28

NE (MOST IMPORTANT) Serotonin ACH Glutamate Dopamine

Question 29

Alcohol neurotransmitters (2) what happens with chronic alcoholism

Answer 29

GABA is up-regulated (increase GABA activity) and NMDA (glutamate receptors are down-regulated - decreased activity) if someone becomes a chronic drinker it becomes the opposite effect (glutamate increases, and GABA becomes down-regulated)

Question 30

Glutamate is the most ______ neurotransmitter

Answer 30

excitatory

Question 31

GABA is the most abundant what neurotransmitter

Answer 31

Calming

Question 32

Stimulants neurotransmitters (3)

Answer 32

Catecholamines (dopamine & NE) serotonin

Question 33

Heroine (opioid) (3)

Answer 33

ACH, Dopamine, NE

Question 34

Mood disorder neruotransmitters

Answer 34

Serotonin, NE, Dopamine, GABA, Glutamate Serotonin and NE are the MAJOR two***

Question 35

Infection effects c-reactive and WBCs how?

Answer 35

increased in c-reactive protein levels and increased WBCs

Question 36

Histamine receptor implicated in insomnia is

Answer 36

H1 receptor

Question 37

What brain wave is associated with insomnia

Answer 37

alpha wave activity

Question 38

The autoimmune disease it affects cytokines by

Answer 38

increasing cytokine levels

Question 39

signs of lead poisoning older homes (1970s)

Answer 39

developmental delay learning difficulties irritability loss of appetite weight loss sluggish and fatigue abdominal pain vomiting constipation hearing loss seizures pica