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PMHNP > Brain & Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Brain & Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum plays a role in (4)

A

Coordination, Balance, Gross & Fine Motor skills, Hand-eye coordination

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2
Q

Increase in levels of ______ releasing hormone in the ____,____,____ increase symptoms of anxiety

A

Corticotropin, Amygdala, hippocampus, locus coeruleus

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3
Q

Most abundant NE in the brain is

A

GABA

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4
Q

GABA is known to be a

A

Calming neurotransmitter

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5
Q

How does GABA affect anxiety?

A

decrease in GABA increases anxiety

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6
Q

How does GABA help with relaxation and stress

A

by decreasing neuronal excitability

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7
Q

When GABA is not regulated well it can contribute to what disorders?

A

Anxiety, epilepsy, and neurological disorders

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8
Q

ACH is synthesized

A

nucleus of meynert

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9
Q

ACH is involved with (3)

A

Memory, learning, muscle movement

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10
Q

Deficits of ACH can cause

A

cognitive decline

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11
Q

Glutamate is involved in

A

cognitive functions, learning memory

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12
Q

D/O involving ACH include

A

Alzheimers & Dementia

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13
Q

Dopamine is produced in (3)

A

Substantia nigra to regulate motor movements, nucleus accumbens (implicated in causing addiction)** , ventral tegmental area

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14
Q

Dopamine influences (4)

A

reward, pleasure, motivation, movement

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15
Q

Dopamine imbalances can cause (2)

A

Psychosis and the high found in drug use

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16
Q

Dopamine disorders include (4)

A

schizophrenia, BP, addiction, depression

17
Q

Serotonin is produced in

A

Raphe of Nuclei of brainstem

18
Q

Serotonin regulates (5)

A

mood, appetite, sleep memory, and learning

19
Q

low serotonin can cause

A

mood disorder

20
Q

Serotonin disorders include (3)

A

Depression, anxiety, OCD

21
Q

Norepinephrine is produced (2)

A

locus coeruleus & medullary reticular formation

22
Q

Norepinephrine affects (6)

A

attention, focus, mood regulation, sleep wake cycle, memory formation, fight/flight

23
Q

Norepinephrine imbalances can cause

A

anxiety and depression

24
Q

Imbalances in glutamate can cause

A

mood disorders and neurodegeneration

25
Q

Disorders with Glutamate include

A

schizophrenia and BP and MDD

26
Q

Apoptosis (4)

A

neuronal loss of cell death
cell extinction
cell shrinkage
cell disintegration

27
Q

Addiction neurotransmitters (2)

A

Dopamine GABA

28
Q

Nightmares neurotransmitters (5)

A

NE (MOST IMPORTANT)
Serotonin
ACH
Glutamate
Dopamine

29
Q

Alcohol neurotransmitters (2) what happens with chronic alcoholism

A

GABA is up-regulated (increase GABA activity) and NMDA (glutamate receptors are down-regulated - decreased activity)

if someone becomes a chronic drinker it becomes the opposite effect (glutamate increases, and GABA becomes down-regulated)

30
Q

Glutamate is the most ______ neurotransmitter

A

excitatory

31
Q

GABA is the most abundant what neurotransmitter

A

Calming

32
Q

Stimulants neurotransmitters (3)

A

Catecholamines (dopamine & NE) serotonin

33
Q

Heroine (opioid) (3)

A

ACH, Dopamine, NE

34
Q

Mood disorder neruotransmitters

A

Serotonin, NE, Dopamine, GABA, Glutamate
Serotonin and NE are the MAJOR two***

35
Q

Infection effects c-reactive and WBCs how?

A

increased in c-reactive protein levels and increased WBCs

36
Q

Histamine receptor implicated in insomnia is

A

H1 receptor

37
Q

What brain wave is associated with insomnia

A

alpha wave activity

38
Q

The autoimmune disease it affects cytokines by

A

increasing cytokine levels

39
Q

signs of lead poisoning older homes (1970s)

A

developmental delay
learning difficulties
irritability
loss of appetite
weight loss
sluggish and fatigue
abdominal pain
vomiting
constipation
hearing loss
seizures
pica

PMHNP (46 decks)

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