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Body Systems Y1 > Body Systems L9 > Flashcards

Body Systems L9 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the process in which white blood cells are formed.

A

Haematopoiesis/Haemopoiesis

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2
Q

Describe the characteristics of WBCs

A 
•	White blood cells:
	Also known -> Leukocytes
	Nucleated
	Act mainly outside tissues 
In-transit -> sites of activity 
	Can migrate out of bloodstream -> extravastation (diapedesis)
	Capable -> amoebid movement
	Attracted -> specific chemical stimuli
	Neutrophils, eosinophils & monocytes -> phagocytosis
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3
Q

Name the 2 groups of WBCs & list their members

A

 2 groups:

i) Granulocytes
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
ii) Agranulocytes
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes

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4
Q

What are the functions pf WBCs?

A

 Functions:

  • Defence -> pathogens
  • Toxin & waste removal
  • Removal -> damaged cells
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5
Q

What is a normal WBC count value & ratio?

A

• Normal WBC count -> approx. 4-11x109/litre
Often indicator -> disease
Normal blood ratio:
70 WBCs: 40 platelets : 1 WBCs

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6
Q

Name the types of Granulocytes

A

 Neutrophils:
 Eosinophils:
 Basophils:

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7
Q

Describe the Neutrophils

A 
	Neutrophils:
-	50-70% of WBCs -> most common 
-	Structure:
9-15 micrometres diameter
Distinctive nucleus
 >>2-5 lobes
 >>Granular cytoplasm
-	Function:
1st line defence -> bacterial infection
Phagocytic
Mobile
Circulate -> blood -> approx. 10hrs
Major component -> pus
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8
Q

What are the function of the Neutrophils?

A 
-	Function:
1st line defence -> bacterial infection
Phagocytic
Mobile
Circulate -> blood -> approx. 10hrs
Major component -> pus
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9
Q

Describe the Eosinophils

A 
	Eosinophils:
-	2-4% of WBCs
-	Structure:
10-12 micrometres diameter
Bilobular nucleus
-	Function:
Circulate -> blood -> approx. 8-12 hrs
    >>Migrate -> tissues
Lifespan approx. 1-3 days
Release toxic compounds
     Eg. NO & cytotoxic enzymes
Allergies
    >>Athsma
Combat -> parasitic infections
Attack bacteria, protozoa, debris
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10
Q

What are the function of the Eosinophils?

A 
-	Function:
Circulate -> blood -> approx. 8-12 hrs
    >>Migrate -> tissues
Lifespan approx. 1-3 days
Release toxic compounds
     Eg. NO & cytotoxic enzymes
Allergies
    >>Athsma
Combat -> parasitic infections
Attack bacteria, protozoa, debris
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11
Q

Describe the Basophils

A 
	Basophils:
-	>1% WBCs -> least common
-	Structure:
8-10 micrometres diameter
Bilobed “S” shaped nucleus
   >>Large cytoplasmic granules
Granules 
    >>Histamine 
    >>Heparin
-	Function:
Inflammatory response
Unknown lifespan
Possible precursors -> mast cells 
    >>Share common bone marrow precursor
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12
Q

Name the types of Agranulocytes

A

 Monocytes:

 Lymphocytes:

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13
Q

Describe the Monocytes

A 
	Monocytes:
-	2-10% WBCs
-	Structure:
Largest white cell 
Up to 20 micrometres diameter
Large kidney/Horse-shoe shaped nucleus
Extensive cytoplasm
-	Function:
Little function -> blood
Migrate out -> circulation after 3-4 days
Tissue macrophages 
    >>Several months-yrs
Phagocytic
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14
Q

What are the functions of the Monocytes?

A 
-	Function:
Little function -> blood
Migrate out -> circulation after 3-4 days
Tissue macrophages 
    >>Several months-yrs
Phagocytic
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15
Q

Describe the Lymphocytes

A 
	Lymphocytes:
-	20-30% WBCs
-	Structure:
Smallest white cell
6-15 micrometres diameter
-	Function:
Central role -> all immunological defence mechanisms
Lifespan -> weeks – several yrs
Circulate between -> various lymphoid tissues & all other body tissues
    >>Via blood & lymphatic vessels 
-	Several types:
T-cells
   >>Mediate -> cell-mediated immunity
        Eg. Transplant rejection
B-cells 
    >>Differentiate -> plasma cells 
         >Secrete antibodies -> humoral immunity 
NK cells
>>Immune surveillance -> prevent cancer
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16
Q

What are the functions of the lymphocytes?

A
  • Function:
    Central role -> all immunological defence mechanisms
    Lifespan -> weeks – several yrs
    Circulate between -> various lymphoid tissues & all other body tissues
    »Via blood & lymphatic vessels
17
Q

Name the types of lymphocytes

A

T-cells
B-cells
NK cells

18
Q

What are the function of the T-cells?

A

> > Mediate -> cell-mediated immunity

Eg. Transplant rejection

19
Q

What are the function of the B-cells?

A

> > Differentiate -> plasma cells

>Secrete antibodies -> humoral immunity

20
Q

What are the function of the NK cells

A

> > Immune surveillance -> prevent cancer

21
Q

What are the functions of the Basophils?

A 
-	Function:
Inflammatory response
Unknown lifespan
Possible precursors -> mast cells 
    >>Share common bone marrow precursor

Body Systems Y1 (22 decks)

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