Body Systems L10 Notes Flashcards
How many blood group systems are there?
- 35 blood group systems -> International society of Blood Transfusion
Name the most prominent blood group systems
- ABO & Rh [D] blood group systems -> most clinical significance
What are characteristics of all blood types?
- Genetically determined
- Antigens on RBC membrane
Name the types of blood groups in the ABO blood group:
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
Describe the surface antigens & antibodies of blood type A
Surface antigen A
Anti-B antibodies
Describe the surface antigens & antibodies of blood type B
Surface antigen B
Anti-A antibodies
Describe the surface antigens & antibodies of blood type AB
Surface antigens A & B
Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
Describe the surface antigens & antibodies of blood type O
Neither surface antigen A or B
Anti-A & anti-B antibodies
Name the blood types in the Rh [D] blood group
Rh [D] +ve
Rh [D] -ve
What type of antigens are found on Rh [D} +ve blood type?
D antigen present
What type of antigens are found on Rh [D} -ve blood type?
D antigen absent
What does the interaction between surface antigens & opposing antibodies cause?
• Surface antigens & opposing antibodies -> Agglutination (clumping) & haemolysis
Describe the heritability of ABO blood group types
- A & B -> dominant
- O -> recessive
Describe the phenotype, genotypes, antigens, naturally occurring antibodies & UK frequency of Blood group O
Phenotype: O -> Genotype: OO -> Antigens: O
-> Naturally occurring antibodies: Anti-A & anti-B -> UK freq.: 46%
Describe the phenotype, genotypes, antigens, naturally occurring antibodies & UK frequency of Blood group A
Phenotype: A -> Genotype: AA / AO -> Antigens: A
-> Naturally occurring antibodies: Anti-B -> UK freq.: 42%