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Body Systems Y1 > Body Systems L5 > Flashcards

Body Systems L5 Flashcards

1
Q

State 2 characteristics all tissues have

A

Arterial supply

Venous drainage

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2
Q

State the characteristics of blood vessels?

A
  • Resilience
  • Flexibility
  • Constantly remain open
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3
Q

Name each of the layers in the structure of a blood vessel (Inner -> Outer)

A

Lumen
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

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4
Q

Describe the Tunica intima

A

 Endothelium -> simple squamous epithelium
 Basal lamina of epithelial cells
 Subendothelial connective tissue

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5
Q

Describe the Tunica media

A

 Smooth muscle fibres -> loose connective tissue

 May contain elastic fibres

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6
Q

Describe the Tunica adventitia

A

 Connective tissue
 Merges -> surrounding connective tissue
 May contain vaso vasroum

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of arteries?

A 
	High pressure -> thick muscular walls
	Small lumen
	Maintains shape -> elastic 
	Resilient
	No valves
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of veins?

A

 Low pressure -> thin walls
 Wide lumen
 Less elastic & resilient
 Valves -> prevent backflow.

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9
Q

Name the types of arteries

A

Elastic -> conducting
Muscular -> distributing
Arterioles -> resistance

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10
Q

Describe the characteristics of the elastic arteries. Include examples.

A 
1.	Elastic -> conducting 
	Diameter -> Up to 2.5cm 
	Withstand pressure changes
	Continuous blood flow
	Thick tunica media 
Many elastic fibres
Smooth muscle cells 
•	Eg. Aorta, brachiocephalic & common carotid
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11
Q

Describe the characteristics of the muscular arteries. Include examples.

A

 Diameter -> 0.5mm-0.4cm
 Distribute blood -> muscles & organs
 Vasodilation & vasoconstriction -> control rate of blood flow to organ
 Smooth muscle cells -> tunica media
 Distinct internal (IEL) & external (EEL) elastic laminae
 Thick tunica externa
Eg. Brachial & femoral arteries

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12
Q

Describe the characteristics of the arterioles.

A
  1. Arterioles -> resistance
     Diameter -> 30 micrometres or less.
     Vasoconstriction & vasodilation -> control blood flow to organs
     Involved -> control of blood pressure
     1-2 layers smooth muscle -> tunica media
     Poorly defined tunica externa
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13
Q

Describe the characteristics of the capillaries

A

• Capillaries:

  • Connect arterioles & venules -> microcirculation
  • Site of gaseous exchange
  • Thin walls -> lined with endothelial cells -> enable diffusion
  • Slow blood flow
  • Structure -> enables 2-way exchange
  • Diameter -> 8 micrometres
  • Near almost every cell
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14
Q

Name the types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

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15
Q

Describe the continuous capillaries

A

 Most common/majority
 Skeletal & smooth muscle
 Connective tissue & lungs

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16
Q

Describe the fenestrated capillaries

A

 Pores penetrate endothelial lining
 Rapid exchange water & large solutes -> small peptides
 Absorption -> kidney, chorid plexus & endocrine glands

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17
Q

Describe the sinusoidal capillaries

A

 Spaces between endothelial cells
 Incomplete/absent basement membrane
 Exchange of large solutes -> plasma proteins
 Specialised lining cells in liver -> phagocytic cells engulf damaged red blood cells.
 Slow blood flow

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18
Q

What are capillary beds?

A

 Groups of organized capillaries

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19
Q

What are the functions of metarterioles?

A

 Supplies -> single capillary bed
 Continues as a route-connecting channel
Leads directly to vein
Numerous capillaries leading off it.
 Constriction -> reduces blood flow to entire capillary bed

20
Q

Describe the role of the precapillary sphincter

A

 Guards entrance -> each capillary
Contraction -> narrows entrance -> reduces bloodflow
Relaxation -> dilates entrance -> increases bloodlfow

21
Q

Describe the role of the arteriovenous anastomases

A

 Direct communication arteriole -> venule

 When dilated -> blood bypasses capillary bed -> directly flows -> venous circulation.

22
Q

Describe venules & their role within the body

A 
	Collect blood -> capillary beds
	Delivers blood -> small veins
	Diameter -> Avg. 20 micrometres
	Small endothelium -> basement membrane
	Large -> incr. numbers -> smooth muscle cells -> outside endothelium.
23
Q

Describe the characteristics of veins

A 
•	Veins -> capacitance vessels 
	Classified according to size (diameter)
    Small: <2mm 
    Medium: 2-9mm
    Large: >9mm -> Eg. superior &amp; inferior vena cavae
	Low pressure
	Easily distensible (capacitance)
	Thin walls 
	Predominant tunica externa 
	Valves -> aid blood flow
24
Q

What are the function of valves?

A

-> prevent backflow of blood -> low pressure

25
Q

What works alongside the valves to prevent backflow of blood, and what is it’s function?

A

Musculovenous pump

->contracts to close valves & ensure constant blood flow

26
Q

What tissues prevent backflow of blood?

A

Valves

Musculovenous pump

27
Q

How much blood distribution does the systemic venous system have?

A

65-70% blood distribution

28
Q

What venous system holds the most amount of distributed blood?

A

Systemic venous system

29
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

 Position of the upright body -> arms at sides -> palms facing forwards.

30
Q

What is the underside/front of the body called?

A

Anterior/ventral

31
Q

What is the behind/upperside of back of the body called?

A

Posterior/dorsal

32
Q

What is the name of the direction towards the head?

A

Superior

33
Q

What is the name of the direction towards the feet?

A

Inferior

34
Q

What is the name of the direction towards the core/centre?

A

Medial

35
Q

What is the name of the direction towards the side/away from core/centre?

A

Lateral

36
Q

What is the name of the direction closer towards the trunk?

A

Proximal

37
Q

What is the name of the direction further away from the trunk?

A

Distal

38
Q

 What is the name of the plane that divides into front & back planes?

A

Coronal/frontal

39
Q

 What is the name of the plane that divides into anterior/ventral & posterior/dorsal ?

A

Coronal/frontal

40
Q

 What is the name of the plane that divides into top & bottom planes/ above & below waist?

A

Horizontal/transverse

41
Q

 What is the name of the plane that divides into superior & inferior planes? ->

A

Horizontal/transverse

42
Q

 What is the name of the plane that divides into right & left halves?

A

Midsagittal

43
Q

 What is the name of the plane that divides into medial & lateral planes?

A

Midsagittal

44
Q

Outline the transfer circuit of blood through the blood vessels from the heart.

A

• Aorta -> artery -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules

-> vein -> vena cava

45
Q

What is the vaso vasorum?

A

Vessels supplying blood vessels -> thick walls

46
Q

What is the endothelium?

A

Inner layer of cells lining tissues & organs

Body Systems Y1 (22 decks)

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