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Body Systems Y1 > Body Systems L16 > Flashcards

Body Systems L16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory System?

A

• Functions:

  • Provides O2 -> body tissues
  • Removes CO2
  • Regulates blood pH
  • Defence -> Pathogens
  • Produces sound
  • Olfactory senses
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2
Q

What does pulmonary mean?

A

• Pulmonary -> Refers to lungs

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3
Q

What are airways?

A

• Airways

 Tubes through which air flows between external environment & alveoli

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4
Q

What is inspiration?

A

• Inspiration

 Movement of air from external environment into the alveoli

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5
Q

What is expiration?

A

• Expiration

 Movement of air from alveoli to the external environment

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6
Q

What is the respiratory cycle?

A

• Respiratory Cycle

 Process of inspiration & expiration

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7
Q

Name the two divisions of the respiratory tract

A

Upper & Lower Respiratory Tracts

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8
Q

List the structural components of the upper respiratory tract

A

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Paranasal tissues

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9
Q

What is the function of the upper respiratory tract?

A 
	Functions:
	Warms & moistens air
	Filters air 
	Involved -> Olfaction 
	Resonates sound
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10
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A 
	Functions:
 Warms & moistens air
 Filters air
 Contains receptors
    >> Smell
 Modifies speech sound
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11
Q

List the names of the functional adaptations of the nose

A 
Vibrissae
Conchae
Mucosa
Cilia
Paranasal Tissues
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12
Q

Describe the Vibrissae of the nose

A

Vibrissae
&raquo_space; Hairs -> entrance
&raquo_space; Trap large dust particles

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13
Q

Describe the Conchae of the nose

A

 Conchae
&raquo_space; Shelf-like projections -> lateral wall
&raquo_space; Produce turbulence -> enables more time to warm & moisten air

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14
Q

Describe the Conchae of the nose

A

 Mucosa
&raquo_space; Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium -> have globular cells
&raquo_space; Goblet cells produce mucous -> Trap particles
&raquo_space; Cilia
-» Waft mucous trapped particles -> pharynx for swallowing.
-» Rich capillary network underlying mucosa
Circulation of blood warms air
-» Olfactory mucosa
Located -> upper transect of nose
Contains receptors -> smell

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15
Q

Describe the Paranasal tissues of the nose

A

Paranasal tissues
&raquo_space; Air filled spaces -> drain into naval cavity
&raquo_space; Lighten skull
&raquo_space; Resonate sound

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16
Q

Describe the function of the cilia of the mucosa of the nose

A

> > Cilia
-» Waft mucous trapped particles -> pharynx for swallowing.
-» Rich capillary network underlying mucosa
Circulation of blood warms air
-» Olfactory mucosa
Located -> upper transect of nose
Contains receptors -> smell

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17
Q

What is the olfactory mucosa of the nose?

A

-» Olfactory mucosa
Located -> upper transect of nose
Contains receptors -> smell

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18
Q

What are the functions of the pharynx?

A

 Functions:

 Forms communal passageway -> respiratory & gastrointestinal systems.

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19
Q

Name the three regions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Orophrynx
Larngopahrynx

20
Q

Describe the location of the Nasopharynx

A

> > Nasopharynx

> Posterior -> Nose

21
Q

Describe the location of the Orophrynx

A

> > Orophrynx

> Posterior -> Mouth

22
Q

Describe the location of the Larngopharynx

A

> > Larngopharynx

> Posterior -> Larynx

23
Q

What are the functions of the larynx

A

 Functions:
 Maintenance -> open airway
 Prevents consumed substances entering lower respiratory system.
 Sound production

24
Q

What physical mechanisms of the body id the larynx involved in?

A

 Involved:
 Coughing
 Defacecation

25
Q

Describe the structure of the larynx

A 
	Structure:
Cartilaginous skeleton
      >> Epiglottis 
      >> Thyroid cartilage (Adam’s Apple)
      >> Cricoid cartilage
                        >>Arytenoid cartilage
         Lined by memebranes
   Moved using muscles
26
Q

Name the components of the lower respiratory tract

A 
Trachea
Bronchi 
- Primary 
- Secondary 
- Tertiary
Bronchioles
-Terminal 
- Respiratory
Alveolar Ducts
Alveolar Sacs
Alveoli
27
Q

Describe the structure / components of the trachea

A 
	Trachea
	Tough, flexible tube
	4.5cm length
	2.5cm diameter
	Extends -> larynx to carina 
	Anterior to oesophagus
	15-20 horseshoe-shaped cartilages
 Keep airway open
	Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
 Dust particles -> stuck in mucus layer
 Cilia move mucus layer towards mouth 
    >> Transports / removes dust particles
28
Q

Describe the characteristics of the bronchi

A 
	Series of tubes 
    Smaller in diameter
    Display histological chabges
       >> Decr. quantity cartilage
       >> Incr. quantity smooth muscle
       >> Decr. height epithelial cells
29
Q

List the components of the bronchi

A 
	Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
	Cartilage plates
Primary bronchus
Secondary bronchus
Tertiary Bronchus
30
Q

Describe the characteristics of the primary bronchus

A 
 Primary bronchus
   >> Supply each lung
   >> 2-3cm long
   >> Right -> wider & more vertical -> left
   >> C-shaped cartilages
31
Q

Describe the characteristics of the secondary bronchus

A 
Secondary bronchus
   >> Lobar
   >> Supply lobes of lung 
        > 3 on right 
        > 2 on left
   >> Plates of cartilage
32
Q

Describe the characteristics of the tertiary bronchus

A 
Tertiary bronchus
   >> Segmental
   >> Supply lung segments 
        > 10 on right 
        > 8 on left
   >> Plates of cartilage
33
Q

Name the components of the bronchioles

A

Terminal bronchioles

Respiratory bronchioles

34
Q

Describe the characteristics of the bronchioles

A 
	Bronchioles
	No cartilage
	Smooth muscle
>> Can constrict & dilate
	Simple columnar epithelium with some goblet cells
	Each has 50-80 terminal bronchioles
35
Q

Describe the Terminal bronchioles

A

 Terminal
&raquo_space;Simple columnar epithelium with cilia
&raquo_space; No goblet cells / mucous glands
&raquo_space; Clara cells
> Produce surfactant
&raquo_space; Each gives 2 or more respiratory bronchioles

36
Q

Describe the Respiratory Bronchioles

A 
 Respiratory 
  >> Simple cuboidal epithelia 
      >Clara cells 
        ->> Produce surfactant
  >> No cilia
  >> Alveoli extend from lumen 
      > Site -> Gas exchange
37
Q

Describe the characteristics of the alveoli

A 
	Alveoli
	Site -> gas exchange
	Surrounded by network of capillaries
	150-250 mill per lung
	Blood Supply
38
Q

Name the components found in the alveoli

A

Type I & Type II alveolar cell
Macrophage
Capillary
Respiratory Membrane

39
Q

Describe the Type I alveolar cell

A

 Type I Alveolar Cell:
&raquo_space; Simple squamous epithelium
> Forms wall of alveolus

40
Q

Describe the Type II alveolar cell

A

 Type II Alveolar Cell:

|&raquo_space; Secretes Surfactant

41
Q

Describe the role of the macrophage in alveoli

A

 Macrophage:

|&raquo_space; Phagocytozes small inhaled particles & bacteria

42
Q

Describe the components of the respiratory membrane of the alveoli

A

 Respiratory membrane
&raquo_space; Epithelium -> Type I alveolar cell
&raquo_space; Basement membrane -> Type I alveolar cell
&raquo_space; Basement membrane -> Capillary
&raquo_space; Endothilium -> Capillary
-» Basement membranes often fused together.

43
Q

Describe the glottis of the respiratory system

A

• Glottis:
 Prevents consumed substances entering lower respiratory system.
 Covered by membrane & attached vocal chord when closed.

44
Q

Describe the Pseudostratisfied Columnar Epithelium with Goblet cells found in the alveoli

A

• Pseudostratisfied Columnar Epithelium with Goblet Cells:
 Mucocilary escalator
» Dust particles -> stuck in mucus layer
» Cilia move mucus layer towards mouth
-» Transports / removes dust particles

45
Q

What are the names of the two organisational components of the respiratory system? State their functions

A 
-	Conductive:
	Filteration, warming & moistening air
	Conducting air into lungs
-	Respiratory: 
	Sites of gas exchange
46
Q

Describe the conductive component of the respiratory system

A 
-	Conductive:
	Filtration, warming & moistening air
	Conducting air into lungs
Structures:
	Nasal cavity & paranasal sinuses
	Pharynx
	Larynx
	Trachea
	Primary bronchi
	Secondary bronchi
	Tertiary Bronchi
	Bronchioles
	Terminal Bronchioles
47
Q

Describe the respiratory component of the respiratory system

A 
-	Respiratory: 
	Sites of gas exchange
Structures:
	Respiratory Bronchioles
	Alveolar Ducts
	Alveolar Sacs
	Alveoli

Body Systems Y1 (22 decks)

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