BK 29 Truck Operations Manuel Flashcards
What are the four objectives of ventilation?
Ch. 1
Saves lives
Assists in FF access
Controls horizontal spread of fire
Reduces possibility of flashover and backdraft
What are the two types of ventilation holes?
Ch.1
Heat holes (Offensive) Strip ventilation (Defensive)
When operating on what type of roof, the vent team shall never ventilate directly over the fire?
Ch.1
Lightweight roofs
What is a kerf cut?
Ch.1
A single cut, chainsaws width, through the decking
How many inches inside the purlin shall the cuts be to avoid the metal hangers?
Ch.1
4-6 inches
Conventional construction utilizes structural members that depend on what for their strength?
CH.2
Their size
Lightweight Construction does not derive its strength from SIZE, but instead what?
Ch.2
Multiple members in compression and tension. If one member fails, others may fail
A single lightweight truss structural member can span how many feet?
Ch.2
70 feet
For size up considerations, Roof’s can be divided into what categories?
Ch.2
Hip, Bridge truss, Flat, Arch, Gable, Sawtooth
In a gable roof, rafters are usually what?
Ch.2
2x6 or larger, spaced 16” to 24” on center
Steep pitched gables can have rafters spaced up to how far?
Ch.2
36 inches
How are lightweight gables built?
Ch.2
2x3 or 2x4 inch wood trusses held together by metal gusset plate connectors
What is the most common size for metal connectors?
Ch.2
18 gauge steel plates with prongs that penetrate 3/8” of an inch
What are the strong areas of a gable roof?
Ch.2
Ridge and areas where the rafters cross outside walls
What decking is found on conventional and light weight gable roof’s?
Ch.2
Conv.- 1 x 4 or 1 x 6 inch space sheathing
LW- 3/8” or 1/2” plywood
What is a jack rafter?
Ch.2
A rafter that crosses an outside wall but does not reach the ridge board (may reach the hip rafter)
What are the strengths of a hip roof?
Ch.2
Ridge board, valley rafter, hip rafter and walls
Where are bridge truss roof’s found?
Ch.2
Various types and sizes of commercial buildings constructed during the 30s and 40s
What are wooden truss members made of in bridge truss roofs?
Ch.2
2”x 12”
What rafters are found on a bridge truss roof?
Ch.2
2 x 6 or larger
What type of sheathing is found on a bridge truss roof?
Ch.2
1 x 6” diagonal or straight
When will you find diagonal vs straight sheathing?
Ch.2
Pre-33 Straight
33 and later Diagonal
If modified for the Earthquake Ordinance, what will be found on top of straight sheathing?
Ch.2
Plywood (adds shear strength)
Where are bowstring arch roofs found?
Ch.2
Commercial structures built in the 30s, 40s and 50s
What size lumber comprises the arch trusses and related members?
Ch.2
2 x 12” or 2 x 14”
What size are rafters on bowstring arch roofs?
Ch.2
2 x 6” or larger
What type of sheathing is found on bowstring arch roofs?
Ch.2
Pre-33 straight
33 and later diagonal
What are the characteristics of a lamella arch roof?
Ch.2
Egg crate, geometric or diamond pattern roof, 2 x 12” wood framing, 1 x 6” inch sheeting
Total roof collapse may occur if what percentage of the lamella’s roof structure is removed by fire?
Ch.2
20%
What is the largest difference between arch truss roofs and tied truss roofs?
Ch.2
5/8 inch tie rods are used below each arch member in tie truss roofs
How is proper tie rod tension maintained?
Ch.2
Turnbuckles
What size are the rafters on tied truss arch roofs?
Ch.2
2 x 10” or larger
What type of sheathing is found on tied truss arch roofs?
Ch.2
Pre-33 straight
33 and later diagonal
What is the primary hazard of tied truss roof’s?
Ch.2
Early failure of the metal tie rods and turnbuckles
What is the primary advantage to building a sawtooth roof?
Ch.2
To yield additional light and ventilation for manufacturing type occupancies
What size are rafters on sawtooth roofs?
Ch.2
2 x 8 or larger
What size rafters are on conventional flat roofs?
Ch.2
2 x 6 or larger
What sheathing is found on conventional flat roofs?
Ch.2
1 x 6” or plywood if newer
What is common spacing for lightweight members (wooden I, open Web, etc.)?
Ch.2
24” on center
Where are nailing blocks found?
Ch.2
Perpendicular to the top chords and spaced 4 feet
On an open web roof, the steel tube web members are pre-fabricated from what?
Ch.2
1-2” cold rolled steel tubing
How long can spans be with an open web remember?
Ch.2
70 feet
How long can spans be with a metal gusset plate roof?
Ch.2
80 feet
What for major components comprise panalized roofs?
Ch.2
Laminated Beams, purlins, 2 x 4” rafters, plywood decking
What is the most common size for a laminated beam (Lam Beam)?
Ch.2
6 x 36”
How far are purlins spaced?
Ch.2
12’ to 40’
What is rafter spacing on a panelized roof?
Ch.2
24” inches on center
What is a common size for a purlin?
Ch.2
4 x 12”
What are the strengths of a panelized roof?
Ch.2
Beams, purlins, building perimeter
What are open web bar joist roof characteristics?
Ch.2
1/8” steel (top and bottom chords)
5/8” steel bar web supports
Still begins to lose its strength at what temperature?
Ch.2
1000°F
How thick will a lightweight concrete roof be?
Ch.2
3-4 inches, air entrained mixture
Robertson decking
What blade should be used on the rotary saw when ventilating lightweight concrete roofs?
Ch.2
Diamond blade or carbide tipped
What are characteristics of a pre-33 Masonary building?
Ch.2
Sand and lime mortar only no cement lack of steel reinforced rods (rebar)
exterior walls 13 inches thick, parapet wall around the perimeter of roof, floor and Joists are “let” into exterior walls Straight roof sheathing floor and roof joists that are “Fire Cut”
How high can a parapet walls be on a pre-33?
Ch.2
3 feet above roofline or 5 feet if façade on the front
What revisions were made to buildings post 33?
Ch.2
Exterior walls at least 9 inches thick
Masonary walls must have steel rebar
All joists and rafters anchored to exterior walls
Cement used in mortar
Diagonal roof sheathing
What revisions were made to buildings post 59?
Ch.2
4-6” bond cap on parapets along public walkways
parapet wall limited to 16 inches including bond cap
Rafter anchor rods installed every 4 feet (tie plates)
Unreinforced masonry may have what trademarks?
Ch.2
Rafter tie plates, bond beam cap
Deep recessed windows windows may have arched or straight lintels, lime mortar is easily rubbed away, one row of bricks laid on end (kings Row) every 4 to 7 rows
What are the safe areas of URM buildings?
Ch.2
Corners, or distance away from the building at least equal to building height
You can estimate the amount of time a structure will remain strong by these three factors?
Ch.2
Type of construction
How long fire is burning Fire intensity
Concrete tilt ups can be built up to how many stories high?
Ch.2
5 stories
The primary dangers in unreinforced masonry walls are?
Ch.2
The collapse of front and rear walls
Save areas around URM’s are?
Ch.2
Corners and distance equal to height of the walls
Chapter 3
Plans for ventilation operations should begin by?
ID the direction (horizontal or vertical) contaminants must travel to exit contaminated area
Chapter 3
What are the two basic methods that are utilized to pressurize a contaminated area?
Natural and mechanical ventilation
Chapter 3
Where is the blower pleased when performing negative pressure ventilation?
Inside the structure
Chapter 3
What are the disadvantages of negative pressure ventilation’s?
Personnel exposed to contaminants to position blower
Contaminants drawn through blower additional cleanup of blower
Blower placed in doorway or window hindering access/egress and using additional tools
Blower is not efficient at removing contaminants in top of room or building
Chapter 3
Where is the blower pleased when performing positive pressure ventilation?
Outside the structure
Chapter 3
Positive pressure ventilation is how many more times affective the negative pressure ventilation?
Approximately twice as effective
CH3
Positive pressure is most efficient when the exhaust opening is what size in relation to the size of the entrance opening?
Between 3/4 and 1 3/4
CH3
What is an indicator that the exhaust opening is not large enough?
Exhaust odor in the area to be ventilated
CH3
Positive pressure has proven effective against winds up to what speed?
25 mph
CH3
Effective positive pressure ventilation is dependent on?
Controlling entrance opening
Path of interior airflow Size of exhaust opening
CH3
Smaller blower should be moved ____ from entrance and larger blowers ____?
Small; Back
Large; Closer
CH3
If unequal CFM/size blowers are used in series place the larger blower how many feet behind the smaller blower?
2 feet
CH3
A blower behind another blower increases the capacity of the first floor by how much?
10%
CH3
Removing screens on windows will increase the efficiency by what percent?
50%
CH3
During overhaul, what PPM of CO is easily obtained?
500ppm to 1200ppm
CH3
What size house is a18” blower adequate for?
2000 sq ft
CH3
What concentrations of CO can be fatal in less than one hour?
4000 ppm
CH3
Positive pressure should never be used in place of?
SCBA when hazardous atmospheres are encountered
CH4
What are the two different types of elevators?
Cable and hydraulic
CH4
What two types of cable elevators are there?
Drum type or traction type
CH4
Drum type elevators are restricted to lifts of what height?
150 feet and slow speed’s
CH4
Equipment rooms for hydraulic elevators are normally found where?
At the lower level of the building
CH4
Equipment rooms for hydraulic elevators are normally found at the lower level of the building but can be where?
At any floor level or 50 to 100 feet from the elevator shaft
CH 4
Freight elevators can be up to what size/capacity?
12 x 14’ , 3 tons (6000 pounds)
CH4
The door on the car itself, which travels with the elevator is called what?
Inner door or car door
CH4
The door that is seen from each floor on the building is called what?
Hoistway door
CH4
Which door actuates the other door?
The car door or inner door operates the hoistway door
CH4
What are the four basic types of doors used on elevators?
Swing hall,
single slide,
center opening,
two speed
CH4
What size are the Gib blocks?
3” wide
1” high
1/2” thick
CH4
GIB blocks are installed every how many inches?
18 inches
CH4
What purpose do GIB blocks serve?
They provide stability to the hoistway door as it opens and closes
CH4
Normal hoistway doors can be expected to utilize how many GB blocks?
2 GIB blocks
CH4
What is elevator “over speeding”?
When an elevator travels at more than 20% of its TopSpeed
CH4
On scene information should consist of what minimum considerations?
Is there an inoperative elevator?
Does it contain trapped occupants?
What are their condition?
Repair person notified? Their ETA? What is the location of an inoperative elevator?
What type of elevator, Hydraulic or cable?
Where is elevator equipment room?
CH4
When recycling power, leave off for how long?
At least 30 seconds
CH4
On hydraulic elevators and some cable elevators, the hoistway doors will open if the elevator is within how many inches above or below the floor level?
6 inches
CH4
On cable elevators, the hoistway door will open if the elevator is within how many inches above or below the floor level?
18 inches
CH4
When inserting an airbag in between center opening doors, where shout the bag be placed?
Near the top
CH4
And escalator traveling between 90 and 120 ft./m can carry up to how many passengers per hour?
5000 passengers
CH4
The pick up arm clutch on the hoistway door is generally how long on hydraulic elevators?
14 inches long
CH4
The pickup arm clutch on the hoistway door is generally how long on cable elevators?
36 inches long
CH5
Where does Los Angeles get its water?
75% two Aquaducts from Sierra Nevada
15% wells in San Fernando Valley
10% Metropolitan water District
CH5
How big can trunk lines be in the water distribution system?
36” to 10’
CH5
Where are Mains found, and what sizes can they be?
Beneath a Street and parallel to a curb 2” to 72”
CH5
What size can customers service lines be?
Vary from 1/2” to 12”
CH5
What to types of shut off valves can be found?
Non-indicating valves and indicating valves
CH5
What will be found on him indicating valve?
OS&Y or PIV
CH5
Are water meters bi-directional?
No, one-way flow only
CH5
What is a compound meter used for?
Can meter high and low flow’s, meters are 4” or larger
CH5
What size can detector check valves be?
2” to 10”
CH5
What psi do dwellings commonly use?
40 to 80 psi
CH5
What size meter will be found at most single-family dwellings?
1/2” to 2”
CH5
What size will a detector check valve be at a single family dwelling?
2”
CH5
For hotels, what size meter may be found and what size detector check valve may be found?
4” to 6” water meter.
4” to 8” detector check valve
CH5
What size meter and detector check valve will be found in a high-rise?
4” to 10” meter.
4” to 12” detector check valve
CH5
Ball, cone or gate valves, what size and above may need to be exercised to completely eliminate the flow of water?
3 inches and above
Fire hydrant gate valves may require how many full turns to a complete shut down?
18 to 26
CH5
What percentage of hydrants close in a clockwise direction?
98%
What info shall be communicated to MFC after shutting down a hydrant?
Hydrant location
If hydrant has been shut down
number of valves operated
CH6
What is the ignition temp of natural gas?
1100°F
CH6
What is natural gas flammable range?
4-14%
CH6
What psi can transmission lines have?
Up to 1000 PSI
CH6
Transmission lines can be up to what size?
12-36” diameter pipes
CH6
Medium pressure service lines do not normally exceed what psi?
60 PSI
CH6
What is the PSI at the service meter?
1/3psi
CH6
How many small fires be extinguished?
CO2 or dry chem
CH7
How many air rescue cushions do we have?
24- (6) 100 feet and (18) 70 feet
CH6
How fast can the ARC absorb and dissipate the energy of impact?
1/6th of a second
CH6
What is the tear strength of the ARC vinyl reinforced fabric?
50lbs psi
CH6
How many feet per floor does the ARC used to calculate height in stories?
10 feet per floor
CH6
What is the preferred source of electricity for the ARC fans?
Onboard truck generator
CH6
What are the two negatives associated with using gas powered blowers to inflate the ARC?
Added noise and producing CO, which has a long-term degenerative effect on the fabric
CH6
How fast will the ARC in fleet? Reinflate?
60 seconds/20 seconds
CH6
Whose primary responsibility is Securing primary and secondary power sources and lighting at night time?
Apparatus operator
CH6
Who is primary responsibility is to deploy the electric fans to the area?
Both engineers
CH6
Who is primary responsibility is to deploy the gas powered blowers to the area as a back up?
200 series engineer
When is the ARC inspected?
Monthly and after each use
What are the dimensions for the 70 foot ARC?
15’ x 20’
8’ thick
190 lbs
CH6
What are the dimensions for the 100 foot ARC?
20’ x 20’
9’ thick
360 lbs
