Biology - TEST 7 Birds (short answer)

Question 1

this retractable group of feathers is supported by a bird’s “thumb” bone

Answer 1

alula

Question 2

a bird egg has this many shell membranes

Answer 2

two

Question 3

migration routes that birds follow year after year are called this

Answer 3

flyways

Question 4

the shell membranes of a bird egg are made of this

Answer 4

keratin

Question 5

this organ produces oil that birds spread over their feathers

Answer 5

preen gland

Question 6

this structure on a bird’s sternum provides an attachment for the flight muscles

Answer 6

keel

Question 7

a flock of smaller birds is harassing a larger bird. this is what behavior?

Answer 7

mobbing

Question 8

this special section of a bird’s stomach grinds food to make it more easily absorbed

Answer 8

gizzard

Question 9

this type of strong feathers found on a bird’s body, wings, and tail

Answer 9

contour feathers

Question 10

most birds are able to detect danger from all sides because they have this vision

Answer 10

monocular

Question 11

built-in knowledge =

Answer 11

instinct

Question 12

when birds migrate by moving up or down a mountain

Answer 12

altitudinal migration

Question 13

a bird “bathing” himself in the dirt is called this

Answer 13

dusting

Question 14

plumage refers to the birds’ …..

Answer 14

feathers

Question 15

this is the food-storage sac in a bird’s esophagus

Answer 15

crop

Question 16

a bird’s most important flight muscles

Answer 16

pectorals

Question 17

the organ that allows birds to produce sound without vocal cords

Answer 17

syrinx

Question 18

the largest flying bird

Answer 18

Andean condor

Question 19

the type of bills of sandpipers for retrieving crustaceans burrowed in the sand

Answer 19

probing bills

Question 20

birds do this to replace their old, broken feathers with new ones

Answer 20

molt

Question 21

a bird that is born with down feathers and is able to run shortly after birth is said to be this

Answer 21

precocial

Question 22

how many chambers in a bird’s heart?

Answer 22

four

Question 23

the yolk body is held in place by two dense, twisted cords called this

Answer 23

chalazae

Question 24

soft, fluffy feathers =

Answer 24

down

Question 25

the smallest of all birds =

Answer 25

bee hummingbird

Question 26

be able to label parts of a feather

Question 27

describe four main differences between the avian and mammalian respiratory systems. how does it help the bird?

Answer 27

M=diaphragm to bring air into the lungs
B= use chest muscles to expand/contract the thoracic cavity
(the bird breathes more vigorously during flight).

M= lungs have dead-end alveoli
B= lungs have air capillaries, air flows straight through vs in-and-out
(steadier oxygen supply; higher oxygen-transfer rates).

M= inhale/exhale once each breath
B= inhale/exhale twice each breath (gets maximum oxygen)

B= air sacs store air, tubes extend into the bones; help cool the body