Biology- Hormones And Homeostasis Flashcards
1
Q
What is the endocrine made up of
A
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
2
Q
What is the ‘master gland’
A
The pituitary gland
3
Q
What does the ‘master gland’ do
A
It secretes several hormones in response to body conditions
4
Q
What are the main glands in the human body (6 marks)
A
1) pituitary gland
2) thyroid gland
3) pancreas
4) adrenal gland
5) ovaries (female)
6) testes (male)
5
Q
What does adrenaline do and where is found
A
- its produced in the adrenal glands in times of fear and stress
- it increases heart rate, boosting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles
- it also prepares the body for ‘fight or flight’
6
Q
What does thyroxine do and where is it found
A
- it is found in the thyroid gland
- it increases the metabolic rate
- it also controls growth and development in young animals
- it is controlled by negative feedback
7
Q
Where is blood glucose concentration controlled
A
Pancreas
8
Q
What happens if your blood glucose concentration is too high
A
- the pancreas releases insulin
- insulin causes glucose to move from the blood into the cells
- in liver and muscle cells, excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage
9
Q
What if it is too low ?
A
- the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon
- glucagon stimulates glycogen to be converted back into the blood
10
Q
Type 1 diabetes is a disorder that…
A
- is caused by the pancreas failing to produce sufficient insulin
- this results in uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
- it is normally treated by monitoring blood sugar levels and injecting insulin when they’re too high
11
Q
Type 2 diabetes is a disorder that…
A
- it is caused by body cells losing the ability to respond to insulin
- obesity is a risk factor
- it can often be treated by a carbohydrate based diet regular exercise
- people with type 2 diabetes have to take drugs to control their blood sugar levels
