Biology- Asexual And Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
1
Q
What does asexual reproduction involve
A
- only one parent
- no fusion of gametes (sex cells) so no mixing of genetic information
- the production of genetically identical offspring
- mitosis
2
Q
What does sexual production involve
A
- the fusion of male and female gametes ( sperm and egg in animals, pollen and egg in plants)
- this leads to a mix of genetic information, which produces a variation in offspring
- the formation of gametes involves meiosis
3
Q
What are the steps of meiosis
A
1) each chromosome replicates
2) chromosomes part company and move to opposite poles
3) cells divide for the first time
4) the 2 copies separate and the second cell division takes place
5) four haploid cells (gametes) each with half the amount of chromosomes of the parent cells are formed
4
Q
Why is meiosis important
A
- because it halves the number of chromosomes in gametes meaning that fertilisation can restore the full number of chromosomes
5
Q
What is DNA
A
The genetic material in the nucleus of the cell
6
Q
What is a gene
A
A small section of DNA on a chromosome
7
Q
What is a genome
A
The entire genetic material of that organism
8
Q
How is the genome important for the future
A
- doctors can search for genes linked to different types of disorder
- it helps scientists to understand the cause of inherited disorders and how to treat them
- scientists can investigate how humans may have changed over time
9
Q
Smallest ——> biggest (gene chromosone dna )
A
Smallest
1) DNA
2) Gene
3) chromosone
Biggest
