B5 Controlling Blood Sugar Level

Question 1

Blood sugar level is controlled as part of what?

Answer 1

Homeostatisis

Question 2

Which hormones are involved in the control of blood sugar level?

Answer 2

Insulin

Glucagon

Question 3

Eating food containing carbohydrate puts what into the blood from the small intestine?

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

What does normal metabolism of cells do to the glucose in the blood?

Answer 4

Remove it

Question 5

What effect does vigorous exercise have on the removal,of glucose from the blood?

Answer 5

Much more glucose is removed from the blood.

Question 6

How and where is excess glucose stored?

Answer 6

Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and the muscles

Question 7

What happens to excess glucose when the stores in the liver and muscles are full?

Answer 7

Excess glucose is stored as lipid (fat) in the tissues

Question 8

How ar3 changes in the blood glucose monitored and controlled?

Answer 8

By the pancreas, using the hormones insulin and glucagon.

Question 9

Insulin and glucagon work antagonistically. What does this mean?

Answer 9

They have opposite effects to return the body to normal conditions

Question 10

What happens when the blood glucose level is too high?

Answer 10

Insulin is added

Question 11

What does insulin do to the glucose in the blood?

Answer 11

Remove it

Question 12

List the stages when too much glucose is in the blood.

Answer 12

Blood with too much glucose

Insulin is secreted by pancreas

Insulin and glucose move from blood into liver and muscle cells

Insulin makes liver turn glucose in glycogen

Blood glucose reduced

Question 13

What happens when the blood glucose level is to low?

Answer 13

Glucagon is added

Question 14

What does glucagon do ?

Answer 14

Makes the liver turn glycogen into glucose

Question 15

List the stages of what happens when there is not enough glucose in the blood.

Answer 15

Blood with too little glucose

Glucagon secreted by pancreas

Glucagon moves into the liver

Liver turns glycogen into glucose

Glucose released into blood by liver

Blood glucose increased

Question 16

What effect does diabetes have on your blood sugar level?

Answer 16

It affects your ability to control your blood sugar level

Question 17

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 17

This is where the pancreas stops producing insulin.

The result is that the persons blood glucose level can rise to a level that can kill them.

Question 18

How is type 1 diabetes controlled?

Answer 18

With insulin therapy.

Usually involves injecting insulin into the blood several times a day.

Question 19

How do insulin injections wrk for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 19

It is injected into the blood several times a day (usually at mealtimes)

The insulin makes sure the glucose is removed from the blood quickly once the food has been digested.

This stops the level of glucose in the blood getting too high

Question 20

What factors affect the amount of insulin required?

Answer 20

Diet and how active someone is

Question 21

What other things do people with type 1 diabetes need to think About?

Answer 21

Limiting the intake of food rich in simple carbohydrates (eg sugars)

Taking regular exercise

Question 22

Why is it important for someone with type 1 diabetes to limit their intake of food rich in simple carbohydrates?

Answer 22

Because simple carbohydrates cause the blood glucose to rise rapidly.

Question 23

Why is it important for someone with type 1 diabetes to take regular exercise?

Answer 23

Exercise helps remove excess glucose from the blood

Question 24

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 24

When a person becomes resistant to insulin.

Their body’s cells don’t respond properly to the hormone insulin or the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin

This can cause the blood sugar level to rise to a dangerous level

Question 25

What can increase your chance of developing type 2 diabetes?

Answer 25

Being overweight

Obesity is a major risk factor in the development of the disease

Question 26

How is type 2 diabetes controlled?

Answer 26

By eating a healthy diet (replacing simple carbohydrates with complex carbohydrates), exercising regularly, losing weight.

Some type 2 diabetics also have medication or insulin injections

Question 27

Describe how the level of insulin productivity differs in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (3marks)

Answer 27

In type 1 diabetes, the person doesn’t produce insulin (1 mark), whereas in type 2 diabetes the person still produces insulin but they are resistant to it don’t respond properly to it (1 mark) or don’t produce enough of it (1 mark)