B1 To B4 Biology Words Flashcards
Auxins
Plant hormones which control and coordinate growth at tips of shoots and roots.
Phototropic
Grow towards the light
Gravitrophic
Grow toward gravity
Gibberellins
Plant hormones that break dormancy and allow seeds to germinate.
Dormancy
Seeds won’t germinate until they’ve been through certain conditions. This period is called dormancy.
Meristems
Plant tissue where cells that divide by mitosis are found.
Specialised cells
Cells that have differentiated to perform a special function.
Gametes
Contain half number of chromosomes of normal cells, produce by mother and father in sexual reproduction.
( sperm and egg)
Zygote
Name of fertilised egg produced at fertilisation when a female gamete and a male gamete fuse.
Meiosis
Type of cell division that happens in the reproductive organs.
Subcellular structure
Mitochondria and ribosomes
Aerobic respiration
Transferring of energy from the breakdown of glucose.
Happens when there is plenty of oxygen
Anaerobic respiration
Transferring of energy from the breakdown of glucose. Happens without oxygen.
Greenhouse gases
Gases naturally trapped in the atmosphere, helps keep the earth warm.
(Methane, CO2)
Decomposition
Waste products and dead organisms broken down .
Water cycle
Water is endlessly recycled.
Transpiration
The loss of water from a plant, caused by evaporation and diffusion.
Precipitation
Water falling from clouds (rain, snow, hail)
Ecosystem
A community of living organisms in an area.
Carbon
Important element in the materials that living things are made from.
Lipids
Fats and oils, made by joining fatty acids and glycerol.
Biomass
The mass of living material.
Can be thought of as the energy stored in a plant.
Egestion
Getting rid of undirected food (eg animals faeces)
Pyramid of biomass
Model to show how the biomass changes.
Shows the mass of living material at each trophies level.
Pyramid of number
Show the number of organisms at each stage of the food chain
Producer
Producers make their own food using energy from the sun.
Always start of a food chain.
Primary consumers
Herbivores that eat producers
Secondary consumers
Eat primary consumers, carnivores.
Tertiary consumers
Eat secondary consumers, carnivores.
Trophies levels
Each stage of the food change is called a trophic level.
Producers are the first trophic level.
Interdependence
All species in a food web are interdependent, they depend on each other for survival.
Abiotic factors
Temperature, moisture level, light intensity, soil pH, toxic chemicals
Biotic factors
Availability of food, number of predators, presence of pathogens.
Indicator species
Some organisms are sensitive to changes in their environment and can be studied to see how polluted an area is.
Ecosystems - individual
A single organism
Ecosystems - population
All the organisms of one species in a habitat
Ecosystems - community
All the organisms living in a habitat.
Ecosystem
A community of organisms along with all the non-living conditions
Seed disperses
Animals that eat fruit and spread the seeds in their droppings
Potometer
A special piece of apparatus used to measure water uptake by a plant.
Stomata
Tiny pores on the surface of a plant which allow CO2 and oxygen to diffuse directly in and out of a leaf.
Guard cells
Surround stomata and change the shape to control the size of the pore.
Phloem
Plant transport vessels for transporting food substances.
Xylem
Plant transport vessel that take up water and ions
Phenolphthalein
A pH indicator that can be used to investigate diffusion.
Diffusion
The gradual movement of particles from places where there are lots to places where there are fewer of them.
ATP
Substance by during respiration, stores the energy used for essential processes such as making and breaking molecules, active transport.
Osmosis
The net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
Active transport
Movement of particles across a membrane against a concentration using energy transferred during respiration.
Photosynthesis
Green plants use energy from the sun to make glucose. (Endothermic)
Enzymes
Catalysts produced by living things.
Catalyst
A substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being used up or changed in the reaction.