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Biology > B1 More Genetic Diagrams > Flashcards

B1 More Genetic Diagrams Flashcards

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1
Q

What are gametes in sexual reproduction?

A

Reproductive cells from the mother and father (egg and sperm)

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2
Q

What is contained in a each gamete?

A

One copy of each chromosome, so gametes only have one version of each gene, one allele.

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3
Q

How are offspring produced? (We’re thinking about the gametes)

A

The chromosomes from a male gamete get mixed up with those from a female gamete.

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4
Q

What does the offspring end up with?

A

Pairs of chromosomes and two alleles for each gene.

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5
Q

What does it mean if the alleles are different?

A

The organism has instruction for two different versions of a characteristic but it only shows now version.

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6
Q

What is the version of the characteristics displayed decided by?

A

The dominant allele

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7
Q

What is the name for the allele that is not displayed when an organism has different alleles?

A

Recessive allele

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8
Q

If a characteristic is caused by a recessive allele, when is it displayed?

A

When both alleles are recessive.

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9
Q

How are dominant alleles shown in genetic diagram?

A

As a capital letter

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10
Q

How are recessive alleles shown in a genetic diagram?

A

With a small letter

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11
Q

What does it mean if you are homozygous for a trait?

A

You have alleles the same for that particular gene.

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12
Q

What does it mean if you are heterozygous for a trait?

A

You have two different alleles

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13
Q

What is it called if you have two alleles the same?

A

Homozygous

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14
Q

What is it called if you have two alleles that are different?

A

Heterozygous

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15
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The alleles an organism has.

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16
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The characteristics an organism displays.

17
Q

What is single gene inheritance?

A

A characteristics controlled by a single gene, e.g. Blood group

18
Q

What can genetic diagrams help predict?

A

The phenotype of the offspring, when you know the genotype of the parents.

19
Q

Look at genetic diagrams and practice drawing them

A

P7 in the revision guide.

20
Q

The height of garden pea plants is controlled by a single gen with two alleles. The allele for tall plants (T) is dominant over the allele for dwarf plants (t). Two heterozygous pea plants are crossed. Draw a genetic diagram to find what proportion of the offspring would be expected to be dwarf plants (3 marks)

A

I in 4, need to see a diagram

21
Q

How many chromosomes are there in every human body cell?

A

23 pairs

22
Q

How are the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human body cell labelled?

A

XY or XX

23
Q

What do the sex chromosomes decide?

A

Whether you are male or female

24
Q

What type of chromosomes are XX or XY?

A

Sex chromosomes

25
Q

What are male sex chromosomes labelled?

A

XY

26
Q

What are female sex chromosomes labelled?

A

XX

27
Q

How is sex determined?

A

By genes

28
Q

What does Y chromosome carry?

A

A gene which makes an embryo develop into a male as it grows, by stimulating growth of the testes

29
Q

Draw a genetic diagram for sex inheritance

A

XX. (Female parent)
X. X.
X. XX. XX.
(Male parent) XY
Y. XY. XY

30
Q

What do a sex inheritance genetic diagram show?

A

Two XX genotypes, two XY genotypes

There is a 50% chance of having a boy or girl

Ratio 50:50 boys to girls

31
Q

What is CF (cystic fibrosis)?

A

A genetic disorder of the cell membrane

32
Q

What is CF (cystic fibrosis) caused by?

A

A recessive allele, which is carried by about 1 in 30 people

33
Q

People with only one copy of the recessive gene for cystic fibrosis are called what?

A

Carriers

34
Q

How does having one copy of the recessive gene affect a person?

A

Because the allele is recessive they won’t have the disorder, they are known as carriers.

35
Q

If a child has a chance of inheriting the disorder cystic fibrosis, what must be true?

A

Both parents either have the disorder themselves or are carriers.

36
Q

Draw a family tree genetic diagram to show the likelihood of a child having cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers.

Ff carrier
FF unaffected
ff has CF

A

1in 4 chance see p8 for diagram (25%)

1 in 2 chance of being a carrier (50%)

Biology (73 decks)

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