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Biology > B4 - Respiration > Flashcards

B4 - Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does energy come from?

A

Food

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2
Q

How is energy from food transferred?

A

By respiration

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3
Q

What is respiration?

A

The process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose

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4
Q

How do plants get glucose?

A

They make it through photosynthesis.

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5
Q

How do animals produce glucose?

A

By breaking down the biomass they get when they eat other organisms

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6
Q

What do organisms need to survive?

A

The energy transferred by respiration.

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7
Q

How frequently does respiration happen?

A

Continuously in every cell in all living organisms.

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8
Q

What happens to the energy transferred from respiration?

A

The energy transferred form respiration can’t be used directly by cells.

So it is used to make a substance called ATP

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9
Q

What does ATP do?

A

It stores the energy needed for essential processes

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10
Q

What essential processes does ATP store energy for?3

A

Breaking and making molecules
Active transport
Contracting muscles

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11
Q

What controls the chemical reactions in cellular respiration?

A

Enzymes

The overall rate of respiration is affected by both temperature and pH

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12
Q

Is cellular respiration endothermic or exothermic?

A

Exothermic - it transfers energy to the environment by heat

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13
Q

What do cells use as a substrate in respiration?

A

Glucose

But organisms can break down other organic molecules to use as substrates for respiration such as other carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

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14
Q

Name the two types of respiration

A

Aerobic

Anaerobic

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15
Q

What is needed for aerobic respiration to happen?

A

Plenty of oxygen

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16
Q

Which is the most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose?

A

Aerobic respiration

17
Q

What happens in aerobic respiration?

A

Breaks down glucose and combines the products with oxygen to make carbon dioxide (a waste product) and water.

18
Q

What is a waste product of aerobic respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide

19
Q

How much ATP is produced by aerobic respiration?

A

32 molecules per molecule of glucose.

20
Q

Equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen. —>carbon dioxide +water

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

21
Q

Where does aerobic respiration mostly take place in eukaryotic cells?

A

In subcellular structure called mitochondria

22
Q

Why does most aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells take place in the mitochondria?

A

The mitochondria contains most of the enzymes needed to control aerobic respiration reactions.

23
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place in prokaryotic cells?

A

In the cytoplasm

24
Q

What does anaerobic mean?

A

Without oxygen

25
Q

How much ATP is produced in anaerobic respiration?

A

2 molecules

26
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration take place ?

A

In the cytoplasm

27
Q

Explain why anaerobic respiration happens in human cells during vigorous exercise.

A

Your body can’t supply enough oxygen to your muscles cells for aerobic respiration so they have to start respiring anaerobically as well.

28
Q

Explain why anaerobic respiration happens in plant root cells, in waterlogged soil.

A

If the soil is water logged there will be no oxygen available for the roots, so the root cells will have to respire anaerobically

29
Q

Explain why anaerobic respiration happens in bacterial cells when they enter a puncture wound.

A

Bacteria get under your skin through puncture wounds and there is very little oxygen under the skin, so only bacteria that respire anaerobically can survive there.

30
Q

What is lactic acid?

A

During anaerobic respiration, glucose is only partially broken down and lactic acid is formed as a waste product.

31
Q

Lactic acid is formed as a waste product from anaerobic respiration in what organism?

A

Animals and some bacteria

32
Q

What do plants and some microorganisms produce instead of lactic acid?

A

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

33
Q

Comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration -conditions

A

Aerobic - oxygen present

Anaerobic - not enough oxygen present (eg during vigorously exercise, in water logged soils)

34
Q

Comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration - inputs

A

Aerobic - glucose (or another organic molecule) and oxygen

Anaerobic - glucose (or another organic molecule)

35
Q

Comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration - outputs

A

Aerobic - carbon dioxide and water

Anaerobic - lactic acid (animals and some bacteria)
Ethanol and carbon dioxide (plants and some microorganisms such as yeast)

36
Q

Comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration - ATP yield

A

Aerobic - high 32ATP made per molecule of glucose

Anaerobic - lower 2ATP mad3 per molecule of glucose

37
Q

Name the product(s) of anaerobic respiration in plants. (1 mark)

A

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

38
Q

Why is it advantageous for organisms to respire aerobically rather than anaerobically?

A

Aerobic respiration produces much more ATP than anaerobic respiration

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