B2 - Transport in Plants and Prokaryotes

Question 1

What aids transport in all living organisms?

Answer 1

Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport.

Question 2

What happens to substances in single celled organisms including prokaryotes?

Answer 2

Substances diffuse in and out of them across their partially permeable membranes.

Question 3

Why are specialised exchange surfaces needed?

Answer 3

In multicellular organisms diffusion across the outer surface is more difficult because some cells are deep inside the organism.

Question 4

What do plants use and produce when the photosynthesis?

Answer 4

They use Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produce oxygen as a waste product

Question 5

How do CO2 and O2 move in and out of plants and their cells?

Answer 5

By diffusion

Question 6

Explain why CO2 moves into a leaf during photosynthesis.

Answer 6

The plant uses up lots of CO2 during photosynthesis so there is hardly any left inside the leaf. More CO2 moves into the leaf by diffusion.

Question 7

What are the tiny pores on the lower leaf called?

Answer 7

Stomata

Question 8

What do stomata do?

Answer 8

Let gases like CO2 and O2 diffuse into the leaf. They also allow water vapour to escape.

Question 9

What is transpiration?

Answer 9

It’s how the water vapour escape out of the stomata on the lower parts of the leaf.

Question 10

Where do molecules need to be to cross a membrane?

Answer 10

Next to it.

Question 11

How do plant take water and ions on?

Answer 11

Through their roots.

Question 12

What do plant need mineral ions for?

Answer 12

Growth

Question 13

What do plants need water for?

Answer 13

Photosynthesis.

Question 14

What do plant take on through their roots?

Answer 14

Water and ions.

Question 15

What is each branch of a root coved in?

Answer 15

Millions of microscopic root hair cells

Question 16

What is the purpose of the root hair cells?

Answer 16

They give the plant a big surface area to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil.

Question 17

What does a large surface area mean?

Answer 17

Lots more molecules closer to the membrane.

Question 18

What do plants need to make proteins?

Answer 18

Nitrogen

Question 19

Where do plants get nitrogen from?

Answer 19

From nitrate ions in the soil.

Question 20

How do mineral ions move into root cells?

Answer 20

Active transport

Question 21

How is energy provide for active transport of ions?

Answer 21

Using molecules of ATP

Question 22

Why do cell need to provide energy to actively transport minerals through the cell membrane?

Answer 22

Because the concentration of the root hair cell is usually high than in the soil

Question 23

How is water drawn across the partially permeable membrane?

Answer 23

By osmosis

Question 24

Why does the plant use osmosis to draw in water?

Answer 24

Because there is usually a higher concentration of water in the soil than in the plant.

Question 25

How are plant roots adapted to absorb lots of water and minerals from the soil? (2 marks)

Answer 25

Each branch of the plant’s roots is covered in millions of root hair cells (1 mark)
Which gives the plant a big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil (1 mark)